Mask Dances of Bhutan - 4671 Words

Mask Dance (Cham) Classical dances in Bhutan are reflected in the religious mask pageants and ritual dances. With the introduction of Buddhism in the 8th century AD by Guru Padmasambhava from Tibet, ritual and mask dances gained roots in the Bhutanese system as part of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition. With the birth of the great Terton (treasure revealer) Pema Lingpa in the 15th century, the mask dances in Bhutan took firm roots and gained an impetus as part of the Bhutanese cultural life. The Ter Cham (treasure dances) and Pe Ling Ging Sum were the most famous of the dances that still continues to this day. In the 17th century with the arrival of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal from Tibet, the mask dances further gained importance. Many new†¦show more content†¦There are many versions about the introduction of the Dramitse Ngachham. Most historians say that the dance was first introduced by Khedrup Kuenga Gyeltshen in Ogyen Thechog Choling monastery. This man was said to be a brother of Ani Choten Zangmo who settled at Dramitse after naming the place. Khedup Kuenga, while undergoing a retreat had a vision of three beautiful women who had the heavenly form, dressed in silken clothes with precious gems. These three heavenly bodies guided him to the abode of Guru Rinpoche where he witnessed celestial heroes and heroines performing a dance. After this incident, Khedrup Kuenga introduced the dance according to the prophecy made by Guru in his vision. The nineteenth century versions of the Dramitse Ngacham say that dance was also introduced in other parts of Bhutan by the end of nineteenth century. Today, the dance has evolved from a local event, centered on a particular community into an art form, representing the identity of the Bhutanese nation as a whole. Drametse Ngacham was also proclaimed as the masterpiece of the world intangible heritage in November 2005. Durdag Durdag is known as the dance of the Lords of the Cremation Grounds. On the external edges of a symbolic mandala where the assembly of the secret Tantric deities reside, there are eight large cremation grounds. Living in these cremation grounds are numerous lords (Chhokyong) who are bound by an oath to protect the religion. Among them is

Seminar Option Free Essays

(1) What are some factors both developmental and environmental associated with the safety of infants through the second birthday? â€Å"Sharing a bed with a newborn is dangerous if the adult is drugged or drunk-and this in danger of â€Å"overlying† the baby. It may be that co-sleeping is beneficial but bed-sharing is not, partly because adult beds. Unlike cribs, are often soft, with comforters, mattresses, and pillows that increase a baby’s risk of suffocation (Alm, 2007)†. We will write a custom essay sample on Seminar Option or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Berger 2012, p. 137). (2) What is cot death? Cot death is a diagnosis that’s made when an apparently healthy baby dies, without, warning, and for no clear reason. No one knows why babies die in this way. It must be a combination of factors that affect a baby at a vulnerable stage in their development. Some babies may have a problem with the part of the brain that controls breathing and walking. These babies don’t respond if their breathing is slightly restricted, such as if there are bed clothes covering their nose or mouth. Sadly, there’s no failsafe way to prevent cot death. However, you can do a number of things to keep your baby safe and reduce the risk. Put your baby to sleep on his/her back in a cot or Moses basket. For the first six months this should be in a room with you. Healthy babies placed on their back to sleep are not more likely to choke. This is the safest place and position for your baby to sleep in. At about five months of six months, babies start to roll. At this age the risk of cot death reduces and it’s safe to let your baby find his/her own comfortable sleeping position. But you should still put your baby down to sleep on his/her back. If you wake up and see that your baby is on his/her front, and he/she’s younger than six months old, gently roll him/her onto his/her back. Babies older than this can usually roll on to their back themselves. You don’t need to get up and check throughout the night, as likely to change position regularly when he/she sleeps. Don’t smoke during pregnancy or allow anyone to smoke around your baby. If you smoke during or after pregnancy, your baby’s risk of cot death increases. Cot death is more common in babies who are regularly exposed to smoke. The risk to your baby is increased if anyone in the house smokes, even if it’s in another room with a window open. Visitors should smoke outside so the air around your baby is always smoke-free. Never smoke in the same room as your baby. The safest place for your baby to sleep for the first six months is in a cot or Moses basket in the same room as you. Never share a bed with your baby if you or your partner are a smoker (even if you never smoke near your baby), have been drinking alcohol, are taking any medication or drugs or are very tired† (Baby Center, L. L. C. 2012). â€Å"Many factors can affect the development of a fetus. Environmental agents that can negatively affect prenatal development are called teratogens. Teratogen exposure tends to be most detrimental during the first trimester (the first three months) of pregnancy, when formation of the organs and brain occurs. However, some substances, such as alcohol, can have an effect at any point in pregnancy. Alcohol consumption can harm a developing embryo or fetus, although how much is too much remains much is too much remains unclear. â€Å"The only way to be absolutely certain that your baby is not harmed by alcohol is not to drink at all during pregnancy or while you are trying for a baby,† says the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG). Pregnant women who continue to drink are at increased risk of experiencing a miscarriage or still birth. Infants exposed to alcohol before birth may show signs of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FAST) including learning problems, behavioral problems, and physical disabilities, the RCOG reports. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which results in mental retardation and facial abnormalities, is uncommon. Unlike FAST), which can occur with only moderate exposure to alcohol. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome only occurs due to heavy drinking during pregnancy† (Demand Media, Inc. 2012). (3) How can you, as an early childhood care professional help parents plan for developmental and environmental factors associated with the safety and health of infants and young children? As an early childhood care professional I can help parents plan for developmental and environmental factors associated with the safety and health of infants and young children by providing parenting education services â€Å"that assist parents or primary caregivers to strengthen their knowledge and skills thereby enhancing positive parenting practices and promoting the health and optimal development of young children and by providing family support services that work with families to strengthen their resiliency and to address the stressors that impair their ability to nurture or support the healthy development of their children (ucla. du 2012). (4) Discuss some safety factors associated with toys. â€Å"There are many factors that should be considered in choosing a toy. Assuming that selected toys have been carefully made out of safe materials, the most important thing a consumer should do is consider the age and developmental stage of a child. Even when a child is very intellectua lly advanced, the age and developmental level of the child must be considered. When toys have labels indicating that they are not appropriated for children under three, they have not been safety tested for infants and toddlers. Genreally the concern is the size of the toy pieces and the risk or potential for choking† (CapitalKids. com 2012). References: Berger, K. (2012). The developing person through childhood. (6th ed. ). New York: Worth Publishers http://www. babycentre. co. uk/baby/health/cotdeath/? oo=0 http://www. livestrong. com/article/92641-factors-affecting-fetus-development/ http://www. healthychild. ucla. edu/Publications/Documents/ParentEd. pdf http://www. capitolkids. com/toy_safety. html How to cite Seminar Option, Essay examples

The Comfort Zone free essay sample

A comfort zone, particularly for high schoolers, serves as a no-risk, no-failure, no-rejection zone reflecting that most teenagers are not willing to extend themselves or jeopardize their reputations or risk potential embarrassment in front of their friends and acquaintances. Many students fear venturing out to try new activities or meet others who may hold similar interests. As for me, I was constructively forced out of my old group of friends who served as my comfort zone for the first two years of high school. Based on this experience, I firmly believe that people should be more receptive and open to new people who are culturally and ethnically diverse. Such experiences and people exist outside of our comfort zones a comfort zone is self-limiting and stagnant, causing us to miss out on enriching opportunities which are only available to those who extend themselves. Ultimately, I had to put myself out â€Å"there† to meet new people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Comfort Zone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a consequence, I also tried new things and activities that my new friends embraced as their interests. My first experience of being thrown out of my comfort zone simmered and then escalated through my sophomore year of high school. Many of my friends in freshman year had started to experiment, with little thought or consequences with boys, lifestyle choices, or unhealthy substances. For them, it was the â€Å"cool† thing to care more about revealing outfits, alcohol, parties, or dating rather than their families, academics, or the well-being of their friends. That was simply not me. None of my friends had the willpower to admit their risky behaviors, embracing peer pressure in their new group and new comfort zone of running with the in-crowd. However, they simply replaced one comfort zone for another riskier one with potentially severe consequences. This had little appeal for me. I considered myself to be more rational and grounded than my friends and was committed to seeking out new and diverse interests. I threw myself into my studies and became actively involved with community service and student organizations. While I gained newfound confidence and reaped the rewards of my academic work, my old friends coasted in school, with little thought or concern for their futures and not caring whether they would receive a summer school notification. As a direct result of our conflicting opinions and judgments regarding what was socially and morally right or acceptable, I accepted our differences but found we no longer shared the same interests, the only basis of our friendship. I could not go along with their group just to be accepted. Consequently, I experienced a high school student’s worst nightmare: set adrift with no peer group. To keep myself occupied during the summer before junior year, I attended a ten-day out-of-state college tour with other students from my school and gained the self-confidence necessary to make and cultivate new friends that would, at the very least, respect—if not share—my interests. The first month of junior year was nerve-racking, between adjusting to the rigorous demand of coursework and making new friends. I would switch lunch tables daily. Eventually, I came across a group of girls whom I had been looking for all along. They accepted me with no prejudgments and shared mutual interests. In addition, these girls were well-centered and regarded themselves with the same self-respect and standards which I held for myself. To this day, these girls are still my friends, but I am also open to others who come from diverse socio-economic backgrounds and walks of life, sans judgment calls. I have a newfound empathy for what these girls may have experienced. Being locked in only one comfort zone did not benefit me, contrary to what many high school students believe. My first comfort zone required no effort and less imagination with no personal growth. Comfort equaled stagnation. A quote from the television series Boy Meets World sums up my personal experiences with peer groups: â€Å"Lose one friend, lose all friends, but don’t lose yourself.† All people should be more receptive and open-minded towards others who exist outside of their comfort zones and willing to invest the energy to get to know them. You will be richly rewarded for your efforts.

The Eclogues free essay sample

While, Titters has goats he can hardly lead [E. I . 1 3] and is losing his land, Titters invited Melodious to enjoy his abundance of milk cheese with him, to experience his mealy chestnuts. Despite being told of all the dreadful places that Titters will have to relocate to, thirsty Africa, Britannic quite cut off from he whole world, and his poor cabins turf-heaped roof, Titters asserts himself and his prosperity, inviting Melodious to see all that he is missing. Also, in this passage, the second reference to shade and shadows is made.Of course, high mountains will cause taller shadows, however shadows often have a otherworldly meaning to them in Roman literature. Theres a sense of spirits and ghosts that goes along with the word, providing for an eerie end to the first Eclogue. A similar line is said in the third book of Horses odes, as the sun moved around the mountain shadows. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eclogues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . . [H. 3. 6. 41] This poem, Horses 3rd ode and 6th poem, is his most depressing and, not surprisingly most similar to Horses first eclogue.They both deal with the dismal aftermath of the Punic wars. However, Horses poetry focuses on the progeny of the warriors in Romeos civil war. He pays attention mostly to the decay of the morality and sense of duty in the generations after the war. This poem opens with a warning to the current Roman, you will pay for the sins four fathers until you restore the crumbling temples and shrines of the gods and their smoke-blackened images. But this is immediately followed by a reasoning behind this warning, making it seem as if this isnt arbitrary.It is said that because their neglect of the gods has brought many ills to the sorrowing lands of Hesperus. Similarly, as Titters was dealing with relationship problems, so are the Romans of Horses poetry. He has attributed the disaster that has flowed over our whole land and its people CHI. 3. 6. 19] to its corrupted marriage, family, and home. [H. 3. 6. 1 8] The Roman people have lost their sense of family and home, most probably because of the land confiscations. Home and property are a major symbol of belonging and stability for the Romans. With that lost, what is left to hold on to? The generations after the wars have lost their way and their direction. The women no longer have a a moral compass to guide them. A wife is easily persuaded to indulge in illicit pleasures: listening to any calls for her from a Spanish sea captain that will pay for a good price for her shame. [H. 3. 6. 32] After, Horace adds a couple more lines describing the steep decline of the generations after the Punic wars. Saying things like how these cannot be the hillier of men Voodoo stained the sea with Punic blood. [H. . 6. 33] The men who fought in the civil wars were the manly sons of farmer soldiers The men who fought in the wars were the sons of a strict mother. Here, note the singular use of mother. Horace is not describing mother as the maternal figure in a familial setting, which would make sense in this poem due to its ancestral descriptions. But, here, mother is used to describe Rome. These were the children of a strict mother, that lived in a household that was well put together and orderly. The placement of mother and sun so lose to each other is ironic.Even though this irony can only be found through an English translation, it is evocative of lyrics written by The Smiths. In the song How Soon Is Now? , they play with the words son and heir, which, go without saying sound like the elements sun and air. Just like in Horses third ode, he plays with mother and sun and the idea of progeny in terms of a greater scale: the generations to come and their mother, Rome. But, as the sun moved round the mountain shadows, [H. 3. 6. 41] things began to change. Here, the second reference to shadows and shade is made.Just as in Virgins first eclogue when Titters takes refuge in the cool shade, the weary oxen take this time to loose themselves from the yoke. As they are being let go of their duties on their yoke, a chariot brought on the hour they longed for. [H . 3. 6. 44] Concluding this poem is a pessimistic message regarding the present, as well as future generations: Our parents were not the men their fathers were, and they bore children worse than themselves, whose children will be baser still. [H. 3. 6. 45] The final line is not hopeful in the slightest way for a better enervation. It says that it is expected that the people of Rome will only get worse with time. However, saying something like that could be just the motivation that someone needs to better themselves. Comparing these two passages, one will notice the similarities in pastoral imagery and the references to shade and shadow. In addition, it can also be noted that these both have very dark and pessimistic tones to them. Having both been written after the Punic wars and the rise of Augustus, these poems show the displacement of familial values and the daily struggles of the people f Rome after Julius Caesar.Titters has lost his land and has to resort to leaving the country. Girls of the land cannot learn traditional Ionian dance steps because they have been lost to obscene lusts and wives have been lost to Spanish sea captain calls. Horace and Virgil, through Odes and Eclogues, respectively, have shown the downfall of Roman culture after the ascent of Augustus Caesar. Their statuses as respected poets amongst the people of Rome allow them a position of influence to restore the society to what it once was, perjuries.

Mike Duke Of Wal Mart Digs Into The Business Essay Example

Mike Duke Of Wal Mart Digs Into The Business Essay Example Mike Duke Of Wal Mart Digs Into The Business Essay Mike Duke Of Wal Mart Digs Into The Business Essay In the article, there are four strategies for next generation Wall-Mart. 1 . Become a truly global company. 2. Understand the business that retailers will face and solve them 3. Play an even bigger leadership role on social issues that matter to our customers. 4. Keep our culture strong everywhere. Q. Dukes concerns include merchandising and store displays. He learned Project Impact, and realized that this program will make sales suffered. Then he put into increase the number Of product offerings to days before project impact. After Wall-Mart has decreased sales. Duke found the price of fresh groceries of Wall-Mart was high. Then he aimed to build productivity loop and deliver on Every Day Low Price model everywhere. Q. Merchandising involves careful planning. The CEO should be concerned about the item sells on the right place, at the right time, in the right quantities and at the right price. They should how many products on store shelves. If a company orders too much of an product, it may overstock. The product might be spoil, and it might waist a lot of money. If too little product is ordered, it might not satisfy to customers. They may get it elsewhere. So the CEO should have knowledgeable about statistics. And because the price of product is transparent now, the seller should be offering a competitive price. Sometimes can give special offers, like free samples, and also can do some promotions. Q. In the article, it is noticed that Wall-Mart customers were running money at the end of the month. Because most customers live paycheck to paycheck and shop a lot at the beginning of the month and decrease shopping at the end of the month. So I think Wall-Mart can be do some promotion sales at the end of month to promote consumption.

Turkey (Meleagris gallapavo) History

Turkey (Meleagris gallapavo) History The turkey (Meleagris gallapavo) was inarguably domesticated in the North American continent, but its specific origins are somewhat problematic. Archaeological specimens of wild turkey have been found in North America that date to the Pleistocene, and turkeys were emblematic of many indigenous groups in North America as seen at sites such as the Mississippian capital of Etowah (Itaba) in Georgia. But the earliest signs of domesticated turkeys found to date appear in Maya sites such as Cob beginning about 100 BCE–100 CE. All modern turkeys are descended from M. gallapavo, the wild turkey having been exported from the Americas to Europe during the 16th century. Turkey Species The wild turkey (M. gallopavo) is indigenous to much of the eastern and southwestern US, northern Mexico, and southeastern Canada. Six subspecies are recognized by biologists: eastern (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), Florida (M. g. osceola), Rio Grande (M.g. intermedia), Merriams (M.g. merriami), Goulds (M.g. mexicana), and southern Mexican (M.g. gallopavo). The differences among them are primarily the habitat in which the turkey is found, but there are minor differences in body size and plumage coloration. Oscellated Turkey (Agriocharis ocellata or Meleagris ocellata). Corbis Documentary / Getty Images The ocellated turkey (Agriocharis ocellata or Meleagris ocellata) is considerably different in size and coloration and thought by some researchers to be a completely separate species. The ocellated turkey has iridescent bronze, green, and blue body feathers, deep red legs, and bright blue heads and necks covered with large orange and red nodules. It is native to the Yucatn peninsula of Mexico and into northern Belize and Guatemala- in a completely different range than wild turkeys- and is today often found wandering in Maya ruins such as Tikal. The ocellated turkey is more resistant to domestication but was among the turkeys kept in pens by the Aztecs as described by the Spanish. Before the Spanish arrived, both wild and ocellated turkeys were brought into co-existence in the Maya region by the extensive trade network.   Turkeys were used by precolumbian North American societies for a number of things: meat and eggs for food, and feathers for decorative objects and clothing. The hollow long bones of turkeys were also adapted for use as musical instruments and bone tools. Hunting wild turkeys could furnish these things as well as domesticated ones, and scholars are attempting to pinpoint the domestication period as when the nice to have became need to have. Turkey Domestication At the time of the Spanish colonization, there were domesticated turkeys both in Mexico among the Aztecs, and in the Ancestral Pueblo Societies (Anasazi) of the southwestern United States. Evidence suggests that the turkeys from the U.S. southwest were imported from Mexico about 300 CE, and perhaps re-domesticated in the southwest about 1100 CE when turkey husbandry intensified. Wild turkeys were found by the European colonists throughout the eastern woodlands. Variations in coloration were noted in the 16th century, and many turkeys were brought back to Europe for their plumage and meat. Archaeological evidence for turkey domestication accepted by scholars includes the presence of turkeys outside of their original habitats, evidence for the construction of pens, and whole turkey burials. Studies of the bones of turkeys found in archaeological sites can also provide evidence. The demography of a turkey bone assemblage, whether the bones include old, juvenile, male, and female turkeys and in what proportion, is key to understanding what a turkey flock might have looked like. Turkey bones with healed long bone fractures and the presence of quantities of eggshell also indicate that turkeys were kept at a site, rather than hunted and consumed. Chemical analyses have been added to the traditional methods of study: stable isotope analysis of both turkey and human bones from a site can assist in identifying the diets of both. Patterned calcium absorption in eggshell has been used to identify when the broken shell came from hatched birds or from raw egg consumption. Turkey Pens: What Does Domestication Mean? Pens to keep turkeys have been identified at Ancestral Pueblo Society Basketmaker sites in Utah, such as Cedar Mesa, an archaeological site which was occupied between 100 BCE and 200 CE (Cooper and colleagues 2016). Such evidence has been used in the past to implicate the domestication of the animals- certainly, such evidence has been used to identify larger mammals such as horses and reindeer. Turkey coprolites indicate that the turkeys at Cedar Mesa were fed maize, but there are few if any cut marks on turkey skeletal material and turkey bones are often found as complete animals. A recent study (Lipe and colleagues 2016) looked at multiple strands of evidence for tending, care, and diet of birds in the US southwest. Their evidence suggests that although a mutual relationship was begun as early as Basketmaker II (about 1 CE), the birds were likely used solely for feathers and not fully domesticated. It wasnt until the Pueblo II period (ca. 1050–1280 CE) that turkeys became an important food source. Trade These ocellated turkeys (Agriocharis ocellata) dont seem very interested in the Maya ruins at Tikal, Guatemala. Christian Kober / robertharding / Getty Images A possible explanation for the presence of turkeys in Basketmaker sites is the long-distance trade system, that captive turkeys were kept within their original habitats in Mesoamerican communities for feathers and may have been traded up into the United States southwest and Mexican northwest, as has been identified for macaws, albeit much later. It is also possible that the Basketmakers decided to keep wild turkeys for their feathers independent of whatever was going on in Mesoamerica. As with many other animal and plant species, domesticating the turkey was a long, drawn-out process, beginning very gradually. Full domestication might have been completed in the US southwest/Mexican northwest only after turkeys became a food source, rather than simply a feather source. Sources Cooper, C., et al. Short-Term Variability of Human Diet at Basketmaker Ii Turkey Pen Ruins, Utah: Insights from Bulk and Single Amino Acid Isotope Analysis of Ha. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 5 (2016): 10-18. Print.Lipe, William D., et al. Cultural and Genetic Contexts for Early Turkey Domestication in the Northern Southwest. American Antiquity 81.1 (2016): 97-113. Print.Sharpe, Ashley E., et al. Earliest Isotopic Evidence in the Maya Region for Animal Management and Long-Distance Trade at the Site of Ceibal, Guatemala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115.14 (2018): 3605-10. Print.Speller, Camilla F., et al. Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Reveals Complexity of Indigenous North American Turkey Domestication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107.7 (2010): 2807-12. Print.Thornton, Erin, Kitty F. Emery, and Camilla Speller. Ancient Maya Turkey Husbandry: Testing Theories through Stable Isotope Analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science: R eports 10 (2016): 584-95. Print. Thornton, Erin Kennedy. Introduction to the Special Issue - Turkey Husbandry and Domestication: Recent Scientific Advances. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 10 (2016): 514-19. Print.Thornton, Erin Kennedy, and Kitty F. Emery. The Uncertain Origins of Mesoamerican Turkey Domestication. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 24.2 (2015): 328-51. Print.

'Has nudity in advertising become dysfunctional Essay

'Has nudity in advertising become dysfunctional - Essay Example The findings showed that mixed results. Majority of the participants felt that nudity enhanced the effectiveness of advertising. However, there were also some participants who felt that nudity lowered the effectiveness of advertising. The findings of this study have implications for marketing experts and for people responsible for developing adverts. There is an urgent need for marketers to understand how their target customers will view the advert that contains nudity. Marketers need to respect the views of their customers and not show anything which may offend them. Presently it is observed that utilizing nudity in promotional advertisements has take up pace and many people are falling for it too. Companies are concerned with large scale revenue generation and therefore it is okay for them to ignore some standards of ethics. 14 It should be noted here as per Gibson (1982), that the most important aspects of an organization that are depicted in its branding and advertisement schemes are organizational culture and organizational structure. 15 A company’s internal environment has a large amount of psychological and economical bearings on the company’s working. It serves as the paradigm says Cassidy (2005) in which workers from different departments work to a foreseeable future. It is therefore necessary for all the components to work in utter solidarity with each other. A harmonious environment catalyzes a more efficient response with better results as explained by Kasoori (2009) 20 A prosperous procedure in the company should consider some sort of well organized and also effectively propagated advertisement promotions which might be both equally influential and also workable. Elliot (1997) says that a number of variable mass media transmission options must be employed; web, radio stations and also television set must be used by promotional campaigns as the items along with the business