Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry Free Essays

string(45) pharmaceutical medicinal services organization in India. Foundation: The Indian economy is generally accepted to have moved into its next period of feasible development pace of 8-10%. The most recent five years have seen an exceptional worth creation in Indian financial exchanges. Point: This examination centers a diagnostic valuation viewpoint of different special organizations in India. We will compose a custom article test on Job of Value Creation in the Indian Industry or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Techniques: The informational index for the examination was gathered from the CMIE ability database.The five industry divisions were picked for the investigation. Results: While fast securities exchange development is generally attributed to a worldwide liquidity excess and re-rating of Indian stocks, our examination shows that remarkable execution in business basics †deals and benefit †development has been the overwhelming driver of this terrific worth creation in India. End: These discoveries have significant ramifications for any safeguard or intercession methodologies. Prologue To make maintainable, long haul investor esteem, it is critical to unequivocally build up a fitting investor esteem target.It can be contended that esteem creation is a definitive proportion of execution for a supervisor. Organizations must set up needs dependent on esteem creation; equipping arranging, execution estimation and motivator pay frameworks towards investor worth and speaking with speculators as far as worth creation. The capacity to oversee esteem is a fundamental piece of creating sound corporate and business strategiesâ€strategies that make an incentive for investors. An examination by (Richard et al. 2000) saw that organizations in today’s superheated economies are in a race to find the basic code of significant worth creation. That is they are attempting to discover the best measure of advantages substantial and elusive make the best measures of monetary worth and to dodge those blends that wreck it. Worth creation The term â€Å"value creation’ can be a misnomer, yet for obtainment experts it is basic: conveying extra an incentive to the primary concern through new strategies. The trouble just lies in drawing that incentive out of the plenty of immaterial drivers that you need to bargain with.Non-monetary components like development, individuals and thoughts are hard to evaluate, infrequently recognized in bookkeeping strategies and not satisfactorily estimated, oversaw or wrote about by associations. In any case, these are a portion of the basic wellsprings of significant worth that can be used by organizations to improve their upper hand. Explanatory VALUATION PRESPECTIVE: 1. Capability of the Automobile business The vehicle business in India happens to be the ninth biggest on the planet. Following Japan, South Korea and Thailand, in 2009, India developed as the fourth biggest exporter of automobiles.Several Indian vehicle producers have spread their tasks all inclusive also, requesting more interests in the Indian car area by the MNCs. In 2008, Hyundai Motors alone sent out 240,000 vehicles made in India. Nissan Motors intends to send out 250,000 vehicles made in its India plant by 2011. Comparable plans are for General Motors. 2. Correspondence †Value-Added Services Market according to an exploration directed by Stanford University, Indian versatile worth included administrations (MVAS) are required to reach USD 2. 74 bn by the FY2010.To profit by the rising MVAS advertise in India, Reliance Communications and Bharti Airtel Limited are good to go to present online PDA applications in Indian retail locations. While Bharti Airtel will offer around 1,250 applications, Reliance Communications’ applications will before long be available to its GSM customsers by Feb 2010. 3. Accomplishment of Indian programming organizations There are various reasons why the product organizations in India have been so fruitful. Other than the Indian programming organizations, various global monsters have additionally dove into the India IT market.India is the center of modest and talented programming experts, which are accessible in plenitude. It encourages the product organizations to create savvy business answers for their customers. Subsequently, Indian programming organizations can put their items and administrations in the worldwide market in the most serious rate. This is the motivation behind why India has been a most loved goal for redistributing also. Numerous global IT goliaths likewise have their seaward advancement places in India. a portion of the top Indian programming organizations can be recorded as: †¢Tata Consultancy Services †¢Wipro Limited †¢Infosys HCL Technologies †¢Tech Mahindra †¢Patni Computer Systems †¢i-flex Solutions †¢MphasiS †¢LT Infotech †¢IBM India 4. IT Outsourcing in India according to NASSCOM, IT sends out in business process redistributing (BPO) administrations achieved incomes of US$ 48 billion in FY 2008-09 and represented over 77% of the whole programming and administrations salary. Throughout the years India has been the most great re-appr opriating center point for firm on a post to seaward their IT tasks. The elements behind India being a favored goal are its sensibly valued work, good business climate and accessibility of master workforce.Considering its heightening development, IBM has plans to build its business procedure re-appropriating (BPO) works in India other than utilizing 5,000 workforces to help its development. 5. Pharmaceutical Industry Trends †¢The pharma industry for the most part develops at around 1. 5-1. multiple times the Gross Domestic Product development †¢Globally, India positions third as far as assembling pharma items by volume †¢The Indian pharmaceutical industry is relied upon to develop at a pace of 9. 9 % till 2010 and after that 9. 5 % till 2015 There are a few national and global pharmaceutical organizations that work in India.Most of the country’s prerequisites for pharmaceutical items are met by these organizations. Some of them are quickly portrayed underneath: †¢Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited is the greatest pharmaceutical assembling organization in India. The organization is positioned at the eighth situation among the worldwide nonexclusive . Ranbaxy Laboratories 2009-2010 Q3 Net Profit Results indicated a benefit of Rs 116. 6 crore when contrasted with Rs 394. 5 crore shortfall, recorded during the relating time frame last financial. †¢Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories produces and markets a wide scope of pharmaceuticals both in India and abroad.Dr. Reddy’s Q1 FY10 result shows the incomes of the organization at Rs. 18,189 million which is up by 21%. †¢Cipla is an Indian pharmaceutical organization eminent for the production of minimal effort enemies of AIDS drugs. For the monetary year 2008-09 the organization enrolled an expansion of 22% in deals and other salary over the earlier year. †¢Nicholas Piramal is the second biggest pharmaceutical human services organization in India. You read Job of Value Creation in the Indian Industry in classification Papers †¢Zydus Cadila otherwise called Cadila Healthcare is an Indian pharmaceutical organization situated in Gujarat. The company’s 1QFY2010 outcomes show the net deals at Rs880. cr which is higher than the evaluated Rs773cr. The net benefit was Rs124. 8cr which was increment of 39%; the expansion was because of higher deals and improvement in the OPM. Exploration METHODOLOGY The informational index for the investigation was gathered from the CMIE ability database. The accompanying five industry segments were picked for the examination. * Telecommunication, Information innovation, Automobiles, Software, pharmaceutical ventures. Other than essential information, the examination utilizing auxiliary information that accumulates by interior and outer information from the example of the study.The information likewise can be acquire from sites, handouts, books, magazines, release, paper cutting, distributed diary, government distribution and contextual analysis. The information assortment and examination clears path for the proposal promotion finish of the investigation that uncovers some significant discoveries with respect to the system and corporate structure. RESULTS: While fast securities exchange development is generally credited to a worldwide liquidity overabundance and re-rating of Indian stocks, our investigation shows that remarkable execution in business essentials †deals and benefit †development has been the prevalent driver of this fabulous worth creation in India.Automobile industry The figures show that the car division in India has been developing heartily. The pieces of the overall industry of the various sorts of vehicles will obviously delineate the interest design in this area. Household Market Share for 2008-09 Passenger Vehicles15. 96% Commercial Vehicles 3. 95% Three Wheelers 3. 6% Two Wheelers 76. 49% Communication industry With the deluge of new telecom monsters in Indian market, the ventures are probably going to increase massive force: †¢Investment of USD 6 bn by Vodafone Essar for the following 3 financial years so as to grow its rundown of PDA supporters of 100 million against the current 40 million. By 2010, Reliance Communications (RCom) is hoping to build the complete number of telecom towers by developing 56,596 telecom towers and achieving the preset objective of 100,000. †¢Telenor, Norway based telecom goliath has bought 7% of offers in Unitech Wireless and now has 67. 25% by getting a speculation of USD 431. 70 million †¢Indian government claimed telecom player, BSNL will contribute USD1. 17 billion in its WiMax plot †¢A proposition of remote direct speculation worth USD 660. million by Federal Agency for State Property Management of the Russian Federation has been as of late endorsed by the Indian government. The Agency would get 20% stake in Sistema-Shyam in the wake of acquiring the venture. †¢A USD 1 billion venture will be acquired by Tata Teleservices in its recently presented GSM office Tata DoCoMo. IT Outsourcing

Psychological Human Behavior essays

Mental Human Behavior papers Brain research is the significant point of view for human instinct. It is a lot of significant for the individual condition. Brain science is a lot of a result of the Western custom. While another brain science of the year 2000 contains both the eastern just as the Western custom (Frey, 04/06). Clinician self-idea mentalities. Its identified with Psyche implies call a people self ideas it incorporates what an individual sees from the people the coordinate piece of human brain movement associated with those with real ideas. It anyway reflects genuine connection with the psyche body idea. Mentalities AND SOCIAL COGNITION tends to those areas of social conduct in which perception assumes a significant job, including the interface of insight with obvious conduct, influence, and inspiration. (Primis, 119). Significant viewpoints in Now, whats the idea of analysis is additionally a brain science now incorporates therapy, humanism and sociobiology. important viewpoint. As a treatment, therapy depends on perception that people are regularly ignorant of a significant number of the components that decide their feelings and conduct. (Frey, 04/06). It is, likewise, a technique for finding out about the brain, and furthermore a hypothesis, a method of understanding the procedures of ordinary regular mental working and the phases of typical improvement from early stages to mature age. (psychology.com). Besides, since analysis tries to clarify how the human psyche functions, it contributes knowledge into whatever the human brain produces.(apa.org) Sigmund Freud was the primary psychoanalyst. Huge numbers of his bits of knowledge into the human brain, which appeared to be so progressive when the new century rolled over, are currently generally acknowledged by most schools of mental thought. In spite of the fact that others previously and during his time had started to perceive the job of oblivious mental understanding its significance. In spite of the fact that his thoughts met with hostility and opposition, Freud accepted ... <!

Childless Couples on Television Essay -- Television Media TV Esays

Childless Couples on Television All through the development of TV, there have consistently been TV shows of childless TV couples, for example, The Honeymooners or King of Queens. As TV has changed consistently, so have television’s childless couples. In the start of TV arrangement with childless couples, the spouse was the one that remained at home, cleaned, cooked, and did the clothing. The spouse was the one that brought in the cash by going to work. TV arrangement constantly depicted ladies as the more vulnerable characters. â€Å"Women in the mid 1950s family were frail, optional characters, and as such were generally ruled by their spouses and their own originations of marriage† (Hastings, 1974). Certain scenes of these shows constantly attempted to demonstrate that ladies should remain at home. At the point when I Love Lucy came out with a lady as the primary star, they despite everything had her stay at home, cooking and cleaning, yet at the same time caused her to appear to be futile. â€Å"Women characters every now and again were appeared as less develop and less fit people and their spouses frequently played a semi parental job by... Childless Couples on Television Essay - Television Media TV Esays Childless Couples on Television All through the development of TV, there have consistently been TV shows of childless TV couples, for example, The Honeymooners or King of Queens. As TV has changed consistently, so have television’s childless couples. In the start of TV arrangement with childless couples, the spouse was the one that remained at home, cleaned, cooked, and did the clothing. The spouse was the one that brought in the cash by going to work. TV arrangement constantly depicted ladies as the more vulnerable characters. â€Å"Women in the mid 1950s family were powerless, auxiliary characters, and as such were generally overwhelmed by their spouses and their own originations of marriage† (Hastings, 1974). Certain scenes of these shows constantly attempted to demonstrate that ladies should remain at home. At the point when I Love Lucy came out with a lady as the fundamental star, they despite everything had her stay at home, cooking and cleaning, yet at the same time caused her to appear to be futile. â€Å"Women characters as often as possible were appeared as less develop and less proficient individuals and their spouses regularly played a semi parental job by...

7 Last Minute Essay Writing Tips to Have More Free Hours

Is the very late left till the accommodation of an exposition? This may sound natural to most understudies. They need rest for quite a long time in light of the fact that the cutoff times are drawing nearer. You may state, Everything is okay. Im an understudy all things considered. Pause! No, its not typical to have red eyes! On the off chance that youre an understudy, that doesnt mean you shouldnt have an actual existence loaded with beans. Concur? Remember that when understudies rest short of what it is suggested, they get less dynamic during the day. An understudy needs enough rest to get together the requesting psychological assignments and other scholarly prerequisites. The standard to rest in any event 7-8 hours is supported on grounds of 9 astonishing reasons you can get natural at the present time. Much of the time, for reasons unknown, an excellent rest is sliced short by the need to keep awake until late around evening time. This time might be totally dedicated to composing a paper before the cutoff time passes. Peruse further to figure out how to compose a decent a minute ago article without relinquishing your extra time. What Makes Students Hurry with Essay Writing? In the event that you are accustomed to working late around evening time, you should realize the amount it will cost you blunders, tension, tiredness, stress, melancholy, and so on. All that affect your scholastic execution and psychological wellness. How? Peruse increasingly about rush affliction existing today. Most understudies grumble of sentiments of disorder in light of various reasons (from legitimate to not so much intelligible ones): Work. A few understudies work while learning at school or colleges. Regardless of whether you are learning at secondary school, you may fill in also. There are 25 occupations accessible for secondary school understudies. Most occupations are requesting to such an extent that much time and vitality are required from understudies. Considerably more endeavors are important to join work and studies. To be sure, understudies need to work to oblige their necessities at school. In any case, to fulfill the time constraint, understudies keep awake until late around evening time to compose an exposition, look into paper or complete some other task. Such a scholastic routine is exceptionally dull and denies an understudy of a quality rest required at the school and working environment. Hesitation. A few understudies hold up until the last moment to begin composing school papers without working some place or being occupied with some extracurricular exercises. They dont basically need to do a specific undertaking thinking about it as immaterial or irrelevant to them. In addition, an understudy may dawdle as a result of the cutoff time pressure that he/she may look in various assignments. The absence of motivating force to begin an article early, the absence of clear task guidelines just as the composing abilities deficiency lead to the reluctance to do anything. Have the propensity to stall as well? Keep in mind, your scholastic advancement will go down. The nonattendance of assets. At the point when an understudy can't locate the applicable assets to compose a paper on, they are likelier to drag out composing it. The inaccessibility of assets can explicitly state off the intrigue an exposition. The powerlessness to discover an asset could be connected to the absence of comprehension of an exposition subject by an understudy. This causes an understudy to hesitate with composing a paper until the latest possible time. Yet at the same time, each article given by your teacher must be composed in the event that you need to gain scholarly ground. The low subjective capacities and abilities. Intellectual capacities are mind based aptitudes that decide how we learn, recall, take care of issues, and focus. So on the off chance that you are consistently in a rush, check if your subjective capacities work well for you. Remember all the aptitudes can be supported on the off chance that you take enough endeavors to the normal turn of events and practice. 3 Effects of Hurrying and Sleeping Less at Night Every one of these focuses presumably make you race into a minute ago exposition composing now. When in doubt, the speedy creative cycle isnt constantly successful for your scholarly exhibition. Recollect what results are conceivable when you are in a rush and rest short of what it is required? âÅ"… The expansion in feeling of anxiety. During the day, the exercises embraced by an understudy all lead to the development of the feelings of anxiety. Cortisol, the hormone stress, increments during the day and decreases during the night particularly when sufficient rest is given to the body as indicated by the examination. Lack of sleep can prompt the ceaseless development of the feeling of anxiety, which in the long run prompts cardiovascular infections, the decrease in the psychological capacity, tiredness, and opposite reactions. On the since quite a while ago run, this may influence the general scholastic presentation of each understudy who accomplishes something more rapidly than expected. It occurs, for instance, since you are late or you should complete something soon. âÅ"… Underachievement. Need to show the fullest potential however flop inevitably? It might happen in light of the fact that you don't have a lot of time and need to rush, for instance, to compose an article in the latest possible time. As the outcome, you may commit a bigger number of errors than you would do if a viable time the board plan were within reach. Consolidating a few advances in innovation into your ordinary educational program is one potential method of expanding the degree of inspiration to learn and accomplish more prominent outcomes. âÅ"… Poor wellbeing. While resting, the insusceptible framework produces disease battling substances. This backings the exercises of the safe framework to keep the exercises of remote substances under control. Lack of sleep obstructs your body from delivering these contamination battling sicknesses. This expands the understudies danger of being presented to incessant maladies that will keep them from composing their article and accomplishing scholastic greatness. What Is the Effective Last Minute Essay Writing? Follow Our 7 Tips! Beginning to compose a paper early will leave you more opportunity to rest around evening time or participate in fascinating occasions with regards to your school. Be that as it may, in the event that you regularly experience the circumstance when an article must be composed ultimately, follow some very late paper tips to effectively finish it on schedule: ⠝ ¶ Switch Off All Possible Distractions While composing a paper, any interruption is probably going to set in Facebook warnings, prefers on Instagram, calls from the closest companions, etc. To compose a very late paper requests significantly more concentration than if you composed it during the entire week. Getting occupied while composing an exposition can bring about an ineffectively composed paper with numerous missteps in spelling, sentence structure, and so on. The standards of language in English arent the most straightforward to follow. Hence, you can peruse the article on The Guardian 10 Grammar Rules You Can Forget: How to Stop Worrying and Write Proper. Need to compose without standing out enough to be noticed floated away, turn off the TV, the cell phone just as square all the person to person communication locales. At that point, begin composing as your odds to compose an enrapturing, high-caliber and A-commendable article are higher than any time in recent memory. ⠝ · Read the Assignment Carefully At the point when a teacher doles out you with a specific exposition, read the task completely. You won't progress admirably in the event that you compose something that is not the same as what you are approached to do. For instance, if the task sounds as examine and you give a synopsis, this won't look good for you. An understudy gets great imprints in the event that they adhere to all the directions given to them. In this manner, you ought to stick to the paper guidelines and work in like manner. Given an undertaking to compose a 1500-word article. Adhere to this prerequisite compose at least 1300 words and close to 1700! ⠝ ¸ Set a Fixed Time to Write an Essay as Required After you recognize what extent of work you have to manage, you should spending time adequately for your advancement. Keep in mind, you dont have a decent arrangement of time only a few hours to compose a paper effectively. As a matter of first importance, set a fixed measure of time to pre-compose, compose, and post-compose the article. This bit by bit method of composing a paper inside explicit time periods empowers you to abstain from lingering any significant article composing stage. For instance, you are resolved to compose a paper on Monday. Allot enough time for it. Think 2 hours is sufficient to conceptualize the primary thoughts for an article, structure and alter it? Locate an extra hour to do everything in your paper as required. Dont disregard 3 completing contacts: ⠝ ¹ Research All Sources of Information Thoroughly No article composing should be possible at a palatable level without doing appropriate research. It arms you with the fundamental data to compose a very much explored exposition. Before you begin composing a paper, you ought to comprehend the subject and its quirks. How to do it? Simply glance through all the assets accessible to you to assemble the necessary data about a specific issue. It is smarter to build your thoughts utilizing just solid sources, for example, academic diary articles, valid research sites, and others. Where to discover them better? 100 web crawlers for scholastic research are at your administration. You can revive the inquiry procedure by calling attention to the watchwords of your subject. Be certain that youll be furnished with what you are searching for. ⠝ º Outline an Essay in Advance An all around created blueprint of your paper will control you through the creative cycle quicker than if you raced into article composing right away. The creative cycle is improved by organizing the article into areas which can be extended step by step. A paper ought to be organized in a manner where there are the presentation, body, and end. In its turn, the body is isolated into 3 fundamental parts containing some supporting proof. Without a blueprint, you may wind up composing a disordered exposition. A sketched out exposition permits you to identify regions that require dealing with. You will have the option to add more detail to each part. A framework additionally gives you lucidity on what to expound on. This spares your time and vitality to conceptualize thoughts of what to write down. ⠝ » Dont Neglect Drafts At the point when a framework of your article is readied, it implies that you can build up all plans to the furthest reaches. Dont overestimate your capacity to compose a paper speedily after getting a subject. Indeed, even an accomplished essayist deals with the same number of drafts as p

Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatments

Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatments More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 7.6 million American adults suffer from antisocial personality disorder. People who suffer from antisocial personality disorder have little or no regard for right or wrong. They antagonize and often intentionally harm others and are indifferent to the pain and suffering that other people experience. Individuals with this disorder may lie, engage in aggressive or violent behavior, and participate in criminal activity. According to some critics, the DSM diagnostic criteria are too focused on behaviors commonly displayed by those with antisocial personality disorder, such as fire-setting, cruelty to animals, and difficulties with authority figures. Because of this, it is possible that the prevalence of this disorder has been overstated. Regardless of this possibility, these behaviors often lead to major difficulties in many life areas, including work and personal relationships and the disorder is often linked to criminal behavior. Symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder Individuals with antisocial personality disorder:May begin displaying symptoms during childhood. Such behaviors include fire setting, cruelty to animals, and difficulty with authority.Often have legal problems resulting from failures to conform to social norms and a lack of concern for the rights of others.Often act out impulsively and fail to consider the consequences of their actions.Display aggressiveness and irritability that often lead to physical assaults.Have difficulty feeling empathy for others. This inability to consider the thoughts, feelings,  and motivations of other people can lead to disregard for others.Display a lack of remorse for damaging behavior.Often have poor or abusive relationships with others and are more likely to abuse or neglect their children.Frequently  lies and deceives others for personal gain. The disorder often begins during childhood although it is often not diagnosed until later in life. As children, those who develop this disorder often experience violent bursts of anger, are cruel to animals and are often described as bullies by their peers. As adults, the disorder can be destructive to both the person suffering and those who come into contact with the individual. People with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors, dangerous activities, and criminal acts. Those with the disorder are often described as having no conscience and feel no regret or remorse for their harmful actions. Causes The exact causes of antisocial personality disorder are not known. Personality is shaped by a variety of forces including nature and nurture. Genetics are thought to play a role in the development of antisocial behavior. However, upbringing can also have an important influence. Many researchers believe that APD is likely strongly linked to inheritance and that environmental influences probably exacerbate its development. A number of factors have been found to increase the risk of the disorder including smoking during pregnancy and abnormal brain function. People with the disorder also tend to require greater stimulation and may seek out dangerous or even illegal activities to raise their arousal to an optimal level. Childhood abuse and neglect have also been linked to the onset of APD. Since their parents are abusive and dysfunctional, these children may learn such behavioral patterns and later display them with their own kids. Kids who grow up in disorganized and neglectful homes also lack the opportunities to develop a strong sense of discipline, self-control, and empathy for others. Treatments Those with antisocial personality disorder rarely seek out treatment on their own. Individuals generally receive treatment only after some type of altercation with the legal system. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be useful in helping individuals gain insight into their behaviors and to change maladaptive thought patterns. Effective results usually occur only after long-term treatment. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Updating FAFSA With IRS Data Retrieval Tool

HomeFinanceFinancial aidShould You Update FAFSA By Using The IRS Data Retrieval Tool?This page may contain affiliate links.Oct 23, 2019There is no rule that requires you to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool, (DRT), however, the Department of Education would be very happy if everyone did use it when filing the FAFSA. And, in the past, weve had several members of our Paying For College 101 group mention they have received an email suggesting they do so. Should you use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool or not? Who Is Eligible to Use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool Most students and parents who filed a U.S tax return with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) are eligible to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool (IRS DRT) if they have already filed their taxes. Those who can not use the tool (as stated on the studentaid.ed.gov website) The student/parent is married, and either the student/parent or his/her spouse filed as Married Filing Separately. The student/parent is married, and either the student/parent or his/her spouse filed as Head of Household. The parents’ marital status is â€Å"Unmarried and both legal parents living together.† The student/parent filed a Puerto Rican, foreign tax return, or an IRS Form 1040-NR or 1040NR-EZ Any students or parents who meet the above criteria will need to manually enter their tax return information. Additionally, students or parents who filed their tax returns electronically within the last three weeks or through the mail within the last 11 weeks, might need to manually enter their tax return information or return at a later date to transfer their tax return information into theFree Application of Federal Student Aid(FAFSA ®) form because their tax return information might not be available for transfer from the IRS. IRA rollover: proceed with caution If you rolled over an IRA or pension plan in your FAFSA tax year, your income and expected family contribution (EFC) could be artificially inflated, reducing the amount of aid you qualify could for. For the past few years, the IRS DRT system has not properly retrieved and applied information related to IRA or pension plan rollovers. The data retrieval tool does not identify and exclude tax return IRA and/or Pension distributions that have been rolled over into another account. Be aware that for security measures, once information is imported into the FAFSA application, the fields will be marked as complete, but will not show the values. You will not be able to see or alter the imported numbers, which is problematic when rollovers are not properly handled. Benefits of Using the IRS Data Retrieval Tool It has been suggested that using the IRS DRT may potentially reduce the chance of the student’s FAFSA being selected for verification. If this is true, thats a good thing, as being selected for verification takes time and effort. Here are our suggestion To be on the safe side, whether you choose to use DRT or not,order your tax transcripts just in case the school asks for verification and make sure your student is checking his/her student portals for any requests for docs and/or financial aid award notices. You can order your tax transcript here and remember it is for the tax year you used for filing FAFSA. Connect With Other Parents Trying To Figure Out How To Pay For College JOIN OUR FACEBOOK GROUP – PAYING FOR COLLEGE 101 SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSaveSaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSaveSaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave Road2College Debbie Schwartz is former financial services executive and founder of Road2College and the Paying For College 101 Facebook group. She's dedicated to providing families with trustworthy information about college admissions and paying for college. With data, tools and access to experts she's helping families become educated consumers of higher ed. View all posts CATEGORIES FinanceFinancial aid TAGS FAFSAFAFSA VerificationIRS Data Retrieval ToolNEWER POST10 Talks To Have With Your Child As They Transition To CollegeOLDER POSTWhere To Get Cheap Textbooks For College

Organizational Culture - 1980 Words

Three general types of organizational culture—constructive, passive-defensive, aggressive-defensive: The organizational cultural inventory measures 12 sets of normative beliefs or shared behavioral expectations associated with three general types of cultures, Constructive, Passive-Defensive, and Aggressive-Defensive. Constructive cultures—in which members are encouraged to interact with others and approach tasks in ways that will help them meet their higher-order satisfaction needs, are characterized by Achievement, Self-actualizing, Humanistic-Encouraging, and Affiliative norms. Constructive styles strongly associated with satisfaction and low stress (Cooke Szumal, 1993). ï  µ Achievement: pursuing a standard of excellence. ï  µÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Elite: +Values: Authority, performance, Reward -Values: Teamwork, Leadership, Participation, Commitment, Normative, Affiliation. (Unequal Power Equitable) Meritocratic: +Values: Teamwork, Participation, Commitment, Performance, Reward, Normative, Affiliation -Values: Authority, Leadersip. (Equal power Equitable) Leadership: +Values: Authority, Leadership, Teamwork, Commitment, Performance, Reward, Affiliation. -Values: Participation, Normative. (Unequal Power Egalitarian) Collegial: +Values: Teamwork, Participation, Commitment, Performance, Reward, Affiliation. -Values: Authority, leadership, Performance, Reward. (Equal Power Egalitarian) For example, the Elite type represents a â€Å"pure† unequal type with unequal power values combined with inequality-oriented equity values. The Elite value structure emphasizes unequal power relations (authority); de-emphasizes egalitarian power values (participation, normative), and de-emphasizes cohesion values (affiliation, teamwork, commitment, leadership), while emphasizing performance and reward. On the other hand, the Leadership type represents a â€Å"mixed†, compensatory pattern which, while it retains the Elite types’ unequal power orientation, superimposes on the Elite value structure a set of cohesion values that are nevertheless consistent with unequal power relations, namely leadership, teamwork, commitment, and affiliation. LeadershipShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Culture And Organizational Culture1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of culture in the organization The organization culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic organization. Leadership in organizations starts the culture formation process by imposing their assumptions and expectations on their followers. 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As employees go through changes, they gain experiences from the past, adapt to a new environmentRead MoreOrganizational Culture Essay1812 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Culture Organizations have personalities like individuals and like individuals, they have enduring and stable traits that help us predict their attitudes and behaviors. An organization’s culture may be hard to define but it has a major impact on the behavior of individuals in the organization. To understand one’s behavior in an organizational culture it helps to understand the dominant culture in an organization and to figure out how individuals come to learn that culture and howRead MoreThe Term Organizational Culture Essay2100 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction A look at simply a couple of works that utilization the term organizational culture will uncover huge variety in the meaning of this term and much all the more in the utilization of the term society has no altered or extensively importance even in human sciences, however variety in its utilization is particularly discernible in the writing on hierarchical society. This is mostly identified with solid contrast in the reason and profundity of books and articles. Be that as it may, likewiseRead MoreThe Organizational Culture of Quinlans3389 Words   |  14 PagesThe Organizational Culture of Quinlans Introduction Quinlan has been UK’s foremost retail giant for a long period of time. By end of 1998 there was evidence of a crisis and since then the company has been on a decline. The company has been ignoring market changes and trying to maintain its corporate image and identity. This has caused the customers to drift to more fashionable brands causing huge loss of business to Quinlan. Presently the company is on a restructuringRead MoreDefining Organizational Culture : An Organization2382 Words   |  10 PagesDefining Organizational Culture With numerous meanings given to organizational culture, scholars claim that the field is grounded in the shared assumptions, attitudes, and behaviors accepted and enacted by employees within an organization, which affect its performance and overall welfare (Belias Koustelios, 2014). Another widespread definition of organizational communication often used by organizational scholars states that: â€Å"Organizational culture is the pattern of basic assumptions that a groupRead MoreQuestions On Organizational Culture And Leadership914 Words   |  4 PagesSchein, E (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership. 2nd ed., San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Edgar Schein outlines those characteristics in better understanding and assessing the culture and climate of an organization. A lot energy and emphasis is focused on the identification and application of an organization’s guiding principles. Schein suggests that our guiding values and principles are important, but it is in the organizations structure, culture, action that describes the true character

Definition Of Functional Level Strategies - 1083 Words

Questions on Chapter 4 1. What is functional level strategies and how it contributes to efficiency? Function strategy is that the approach a purposeful space takes to realize a company and business unit objectives and techniques by maximizing resource and productivity. It is necessary that a company sporadically (at least annually, sometimes as a part of the Medium-term coming up with process) review all purposeful strategy to assure that they re ïÆ'Ëœ Consistent with the business strategy. ïÆ'Ëœ Supportive of the business strategy. ïÆ'Ëœ Consistent with different purposeful strategy. Functional ways square measure developed by specialists in every space. purposeful ways work as a backbone of the organization. It provides the fundamental info on†¦show more content†¦Once economists square measure talking concerning economies of scale, they re typically talking concerning internal economies scales. These square measure the benefits gained by a private firm by increasing its size so having larger or additional plants. Economies of scales square measure the worth beneficiaries with the aim of a production gain feeling to growth. Once economists square measure conversations concerning economies of scale, they re typically discussion concerning internal economies scale. These squares measure the advantages gained by a personal firm by increasing its size so as that having larger or extra plants. Internal and external economies of scale: Managerial economies:- As a firm grows, there s larger potential for managers to specialize in explicit tasks .specialist managers area unit seemingly to be additional economical as they possess a high level of experience, expertise and qualifications compared to 1 person during a smaller firm attempting to perform all of those roles. Financial economies: - several little businesses realize it laborious to get finance and once to get finance is commonly quite high. This can be as a result of little businesses that have developed an honest data. Massive corporations thus realize it easier to seek out potential loaner and to boost cash at lower interest rates. Research and development economies:-A massive firm will have a quest and development department, since running such a developmentShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Internal Planning On Strategic Planning921 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of DSS in Strategic Planning Casey Matta Walden University Business Intelligence Business Intelligence, also referred to as BI, has been defined in many ways. The earliest definition comes from 1958. At this time business intelligence â€Å"was seen as the ability to apprehend the interrelationships of presented facts in such a way as to guide actions towards a desired goal† (Turning Data into Actionable Information). 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I Want Key Card Locks And Metal Detectors - 881 Words

3. How to Make Schools Safe To begin with, the first thing I will do to make schools safer is to install key card locks and metal detectors in every entrance. The reason why I want key card locks is because only faculty and students would have special key cards that would let them into the building and people without the key cards could not enter the building. This prevents any unauthorized personal to enter the building and endanger the faculty and students. The reason why schools need metal sectors is to make sure faculty or students are not carrying a dangerous weapon with them. Also, the schools should bring in a Police Officer so the kids can be educated by a person who knows about safety and protection. This will give students a better knowledge of gun safely. Another, idea is to have a gun drive in the local community. The reason why we should have a gun drive so people could trade in their guns for money. The reason why this is important is because young kids are curious and adventures. They can find a nything in the house even if the parent puts stuff in a safe place. I guarantee kids will find items even though parents thought the area was a safe place. Kids will find items like guns because they think it looks cool and will bring them to school to show their friends. Then a kid will be injured or killed because they were playing with the weapon during recess or gym. Therefore, a gun drive would eliminate guns from homes because parents can not watch their kidsShow MoreRelated Public Vrs. Private Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pagesbusiness as usual you think. You and your friends walk up to the door and wait in line for the metal detectors. You put your keys in the tray and walk through the detector, it goes off. Two cops walk up to check your backpack. Pager in the pocket got to go back to the car and put it away. Back through the metal detectors and they do not go off, thank God. You go to first period, sit in your seat and the teacher locks the door. The drug dogs must be comin g today. Second period and the dogs are still hereRead MoreSchool Shootings : A Nationwide Epidemic1778 Words   |  8 PagesBernardino, 14 people were murdered by 2 people that allegedly had ties to ISIS. Although officers responded in a matter of minutes, that speed isn’t always available, especially in rural areas. Is this the beginning of a change in America? I believe this is so and I also believe mass shootings should be addressed more specifically school shootings because the means of protection aren’t there. â€Å"Since 2013, there have been at least 161 school shootings in America- an average of nearly one a week.† (161Read MoreWhat Would You Do With Mary?3212 Words   |  13 Pagesa worker, it will be important to arrange for an interpreter to assist Mary in explaining her situation. As English is her second language, she may be more comfortable talking about her experience in her native language and a good interpreter is a key element in empowering her in the process. However, care should be taken while enlisting an interpreter to ensure that the interpreter is unknown to the family and will not breach confidentiality by relating Mary’s situation to other members of her communityRead MoreRooms Division Management : Individual Project Essay3837 Words   |  16 PagesArrangement Fixture Arrangement Fitting Arrangements Guest Room Amenities 11 12 12 12 13 Drawing Explanation Explanation Explanation Explanation 8 8A 8B Cleaning of Guest Rooms Cleaning of Public Areas 13 13 Table Table 9 9A 9B 9C Innovations in Guest Room Keys Innovations in Internet services (Wi-Fi) Innovations in Room Temperature control 14 14 15 Explanation Explanation Explanation 10 10 Referencing 15 Explanation Answers 1] Organisational chart of the Rooms division department:- Rooms Division DepartmentRead MoreClubs and Non Profit Organizations8113 Words   |  33 PagesIntroduction What’s the deal? Clubs are very common establishments in our society. Firstly, before I further explain all the required information, we have to understand that a club operates differently as compared to a normal business/enterprise. The most imperative difference between a business and this sports club is that a business is established with the aim of generating profit which the owner is entitled to because the owner is the person who provides the start-up capital. The low down Read MoreRfid at the Metro Group Essay9896 Words   |  40 Pages(active system). Research and development in radar and radio-frequency communication systems continued through the 1950s and 1960s. In 1973, an American entrepreneur was awarded a patent for a passive transponder used to unlock a door without a key. When a card with an embedded transponder communicated a signal to a reader near the door, the reader detected a valid identity number stored within the RFID tag and unlocked the door. 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Cloud Architecture ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Domain 1: Cloud Computing Architectural Framework ................................Read MoreCfi Oral Plan of Action17474 Words   |  70 PagesCFI-I Oral Plan of Action Objective: Discussion of the elements related to Basic fundamentals of Fundamentals of Instruction, Technical Subject Areas, Preflight Planning. Contents: Fundamentals of Instruction Review Certificates and Documents Airworthiness Requirements Weather Information IFR Cross-Country Flight Planning National Airspace Technical Subject Areas Regulations and Publications Operations of Systems Aeromedical Aircraft Systems, Flight Instruments, and Navigational

Slave Dbq Free Essays

Julie Giaimo DBQ Going back to 1619, Africans were bought to America and sold to Americans as workers. It wasn’t long before slavery became a controversial issue. Over the course of almost two and a half centuries the debate of weather to continue or abolish slavery went on. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Dbq or any similar topic only for you Order Now The supporters and the abolitionist had their arguments on how they viewed slavery, and the government played their part too. Those who supported slavery were for the most part southerners. Senator John C. Calhoun states that slavery is a â€Å"positive good†. He says that through slavery, the conditions of the races improved physically, morally, and intellectually and the two races of black and white were brought together. Calhoun also says that the living conditions for the slaves were good and they were taken care of. But in reality, the slaves were living in shacks fearing for their lives and hoping not to get beaten by their slave owner after a long hard day of working in the blistering sun on the plantations (document 2). Another man against the abolition of slavery is Chancellor Harper. According to Harper, the emancipated slaves would harm the economy of the United States and Europe. This is because he believed that the free laborers would strike against working for higher pays and they wouldn’t do their jobs, thus affecting the trade. The slaves did get paid but very low amounts compared to the hard work that they put into their jobs (document 3). Those were some arguments of people who supported slavery and believed that it should be continued. People who didn’t believe in slavery are known as abolitionist. How to cite Slave Dbq, Essay examples

Dialogue in Education free essay sample

In nearly every debate the ultimate motive is to prove that one side is right and the other is inherently wrong, rarely leaving any room for middle ground. Sadly, because of debate’s prevalence throughout society, American culture and education has been deduced to lecturing and mere dualistic contention. From news shows to elementary classrooms, logic and reason serve as the gateway to discovering truths, according to western education. But what exactly are the consequences of a debate-centered education system, and can America make changes in order to diminish any negative consequences? For one, it is evident that in comparison to Asian nations, American education is lacking. When it comes to academic achievement, according to the International Business Times, the US is ranked 17th in the world (Gayathri). Additionally, research has shown that Americans do not appreciate education like many Asian nationals who value knowledge as, â€Å"integral to what it means to be a person, and that socialization, education knowledge and morality are inseparable† (Alexander 11). In order to address these two issues and better America’s education system, one solution does not exist. A hybrid of solutions must be explored. The two articles The Roots of Debate in Education and the Hope of Dialogue and The Power of Context: Bernie Goetz and the Rise and Fall of New York City Crime, written by Deborah Tannen and Malcolm Gladwell, respectively, offer two theories that could revolutionize western education. By considering, and possibly implementing, the authors’ theories regarding the importance of dialogue and the influential power of our environment, America would permanently improve its education system. In her article, Deborah Tannen mentions an important consequence of the debate pedagogy dominating western school systems: â€Å"The tendency to value formal, objective knowledge over relational, intuitive knowledge,† she claims, â€Å"grows out of our notion of education as training for debate† (405). The Georgetown professor addresses the agonistic, debate focused educational system by referring to it as warlike, â€Å"deeply rooted in Western tradition, going back to the ancient Greeks† (Tannen 402) American education has always been centered on discovering abstract truth through the debate of two ideas. Tannen explains how seeking to prove others wrong, as opposed to discovering new ideas or solutions, has become an end in itself (413). For example, western education teaches that academic essays are, for the most part, only supposed to be written in direct opposition to another essay. If an author fails to objectively choose a side, then their opinion is often considered unnecessary. But how can we expect students to think creatively and discover new solutions when they are only told to tear down and refute already presented ideas? Tannen considers this very question. Despite the millennium long roots in western society, she believes America is capable of altering its education system to a more dialogue based method of teaching, and explains the benefits of doing so. Early in her article, Tannen asks readers to compare the contention filled western education model with that of the dialogue dominated Chinese culture. As stated earlier, many Asian nations, including China, have far surpassed the US in academic achievement, and Tannen believes the inherent presence of dialogue throughout their culture may be the reason why. She explains how educating children by using a dialogic approach fosters an increased access to knowledge because â€Å"the aim [is] to ‘enlighten an inquirer,’ no to ‘overwhelm the opponent’† (403). Whereas, in western culture and education, critical response is limited to critique; therefore, students are, â€Å"not doing the other kinds of critical thinking that could be helpful; looking for new insights, new perspectives, new ways of thinking, new knowledge†- all processes made possible through dialogue (414). Consider Asian talk shows, for example. As opposed to American shows such as the O’Reilly Factor, Chinese talk shows portray how approaching a situation from many perspectives instead of simply two opposing viewpoints can be very beneficial (Tannen 422). Not only does adding multiple perspectives expand the possibility of discovering solutions, but it diffuses arguments into discussions instead of escalating them into tension-filled disagreements, as debate often does. Western society allows debate to dominate over any type of dialogue, thus snuffing out the possibility of exploring already proposed ideas. If a dialogue mentality was adopted into western education, however, people would no longer instinctively view solutions and truths from within the constraints of a limited, directly opposing argument. Rather, many people would search for other solutions instead of remaining intent on proving an idea right or wrong. With problems becoming more complex annually, and the US becoming more globalised, solutions to problems are no longer linear and as clear cut as before. Multiple perspectives and opinions must be considered, and without dialogue in the classroom, we are only preparing students to carry a one-dimensional mindset in a world that requires multifaceted solutions. Nevertheless, many authors believe that dialogue in the classroom does more than prepare students to solve the most complex problems. They argue that dialogue lays the entire foundations of a â€Å"good society†. For example, in his essay Education as Dialogue, Professor Robin Alexander from the University of Cambridge concurs with, and expounds upon, the benefits of dialogue that Tannen mentions. Dialogue, unknown to most, is more than conversation. â€Å"Dialogue requires willingness and skill to engage with minds, ideas and ways of thinking other than our own; it involves the ability to question, listen, reflect, reason, explain, speculate, and explore ideas†¦dialogue within the classroom lays the foundations of social cohesion, active citizenship and the good society† (Alexander 2). Clearly, Alexander believes dialogue in the classroom determines a student’s behavior and the behavior of society as a whole. What may seem extremely trivial, such as how a question is posed in the classroom, can affect the fate of society and â€Å"our private lives,† according to Alexander and Tannen (Tannen 426). Alexander believes dialogue is imperative during the primary education years due to the human brain’s expanded learning power throughout that time period. According to his research: Neuroscience shows us that between birth and adolescence, brain metabolism is 150 per cent of its adult level, and synaptogenesis, or the growth of brain connections, causes the brain’s volume to quadruple. In this process language plays a vital part†¦The period from birth †¦to adolescence [is] critical for all subsequent development, for during this phase of life the brain restructures itself†¦Language, and especially talk, help drive that process (Alexander 6). With dialogue having such a monumental effect on society’s structure and people’s ability to discover truth, it is crucial the US education system begin utilizing a pedagogy focused on dialogue as early as elementary school. It is important to note, however, that Alexander does not believe debate or recitation pedagogies should be thrown out, but rather included alongside dialogue for the most effective teaching to occur (7). Alexander’s notion that the educational environment plays a pivotal role in student behavior leads to Gladwell’s discussion of behavior and the Power of Context Theory. Gladwell attributes human behavior to what he believes is quite a radical idea. In his article, he searches to discover what causes behaviors to â€Å"stick† or become pervasive, and at what point a government or organization becomes able to make a societal change. The article covers New York City’s drop in crime rates during the 1990s, attributing the decline to the Broken Window Theory by claiming that people’s behavior is heavily influenced by their environment. Thus, small things, such as graffiti or dilapidated buildings, will inevitably lead to increased crime. His Power of Context Theory is quite similar, claiming that the immediate context of one’s environment is most important in guiding one’s actions (Gladwell 164). Essentially, â€Å"behavior is a function of social context†, and, â€Å"it isn’t just serious criminal behavior that is sensitive to environmental cues, it is all behavior† (Gladwell 159,165). With this reasoning, it becomes simple to see how the Power of Context can be applied to the realm of education. For the first twenty-two years of most students’ lives, their most influential environment is school. Just as Gladwell explains people’s behavior is influenced by the appearance of buildings and side-walks, a student’s behavior is defined by the environment set by a school’s physical appearance. Naturally, the debate of whether determinism or constructivism is the main cause for one’s behavior arises. It seems to reason, according to Tannen, Alexander and Gladwell that determinism wins and whether people like it or not, they are molded by their environment. As a result, in order to maximize student learning, school systems must make every effort to improve classroom environment as much as they are able. While clean buildings ensure students are not distracted from learning, dialogue serves as the â€Å"Stickiness Factor† of an environment according to Gladwell (164). This is what Tannen is referring to when she talks of relational knowledge in the quote mentioned earlier. It is the ‘x-factor’ of personal connection that engages a student and brings them fully into dialogue. Tannen gives the example of an elementary student who brought a rock to class for show-and-tell. He spoke of the rock’s personal meaning to him, quickly tying contextual and emotional strings to the object. The teacher redirected the student and began to ask questions relating to facts about the lava instead of the relation between him and the lava. â€Å"The example†, says Tannen, â€Å"shows  the focus of education on formal rather than relational knowledge – information about the rock that has meaning out of context, rather than information tied to the context† (405). According to Gladwell, keeping things in context is all-important, and that is exactly what dialogue does. Bringing American education back to the top â€Å"can be done through the influence of special kinds of people, people of extraordinary personal connection†¦it can be done by changing the content of communication [dialogue], by making a message so memorable that it sticks in someone’s mind† (Gladwell 164). By building rapport. Applying the Power of Context to education may seem as a bit of a stretch, â€Å"but in reality it is no more than an obvious and commonsensical extension of the Power of Context, because it says simply that children are powerfully shaped by their external environment† (Gladwell 165). A mixture of the approaches mentioned above could very well serve as Gladwell’s â€Å"Tipping Point† to move the US back into contention as a world leader in education. A core argument against implementing dialogue into western education is the effectiveness of doing so. Unlike Asian nations where collectivity is already stressed in their culture, American culture focuses on competition and individualism, and therefore lacks natural collectivity in the classroom and society. Alexander notes, â€Å"In a British and American context, shifting towards a more collective and less individualistic learning culture may demand considerably more than it does in Asian classrooms, where the collective principle is more firmly established† (9). Nevertheless, despite Asian schools being able to easily introduce collectivity through dialogue, they have failed to implement reciprocity into education. Alexander believes, â€Å"Interaction which is collective without being reciprocal remains monologic and therefore suitable only for transmission teaching† (9). What he means by reciprocal is the willingness of the student and teacher to ask and answer questions. With reciprocity, the two listen to each other and give consideration to each other’s comments, â€Å"questions are framed on the assumption that there are alternative answers, some of them unanticipated†¦ideas are exchanged and it is accepted that students know things which teachers do not† (Alexander 5). Implementing reciprocity is a matter of choosing to alter the immediate environment, as Gladwell would state, and does not require a societal connection in order to be implemented with ease. Others would also argue that the US has already implemented dialogue into the classroom with the popular adoption of the Socratic Method. However, according to philosopher Janice Moulton, Americans have misinterpreted the Socratic Method as a process of asking questions to lead someone into admitting error (Tannen 414). The true Socratic Method was to discover new insight by â€Å"asking questions rather than merely accepting what one is told† (Alexander 9). Essentially, the true adoption of the Socratic Method would utilize reciprocal discussion to discover a solution neither side initially proposed. Reciprocity is a pillar of dialogue that Asia lacks and America is capable of implementing. In fact, due to the stress on respecting authority, many Asian nations would be extremely wary of reciprocity in its schools. America could easily use reciprocity in education to maximize the results of dialogue and improve its educational standings in comparison with Asia. Each of the theories presented serve as a possible solution to improve American education, and collectively have the potential of revolutionizing society. This may seem to be a drastic statement, but according to Alexander, dialogue, â€Å"may be one of the keys to our survival as a species† (10). While the reasoning for much of this may seem theoretical, authors Brian Ripley and Randy Clemens outline how community dialogue in Lynchburg, VA and Syracuse, NY have already significantly built trust and tolerance amongst residents (Everyday Democracy).

Students Name; (232 words) Essay Example For Students

Students Name; (232 words) Essay Students Name;Professors Name:Course:Date RoboticsRobotics is one of the exciting innovation in disruptive technology. It matches with accomplished robots or robotics which have improvedintelligence, senses and dexterity. These robotics can do assignments whichwere earlier considered to be too expensive or difficult automating. Robotsare also used in industrial manufacturing such as, companies using robotsto create car components, electronic products, and medical devices. Also,in packaging and food preparation application. Society could profit in manyways when it comes to these innovations. Individuals have already begunmaking utilization of robotic surgical frameworks, nanorobotics and roboticprosthetics and many more. Certainly, robotics merits its position amongthe most disruptive innovation of the twenty first Century. Robots have a positive impact to the society in such a way that, theycan be sent by scientist to places where humans cannot go, for instance,bottom of ocean or deep space. A robot, by name Sojourner was sent byscientist to Mars to carry out an experiments. They also help human per formdifferent tasks such as medical service tasks, packaging tasks etc. Thenegative impact is that Industrial robots end up replacing human laborleaving most people jobless because they reduce the requirement of humanintervention in the processes that are automated. We will write a custom essay on Students Name; (232 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Links to Reliable Sources 1. https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/articles/opinion/robotics-heart-disruptive-technology 2. https://interlibnet.org/2016/11/17/disruptive-technology-robotics-and-artificial-intelligence/ 3. http://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-robotic-software-anyway/

Research Essay Topics List

Research Essay Topics ListAs a writer, you will find that your research essay topics list can make or break your writing. Without the right topic, you risk an essay that doesn't have much to say. On the other hand, with the wrong topic, you may fall into a dead end of a topic that has been researched.The first step in finding the research essay topics list is to consider your topic well. Not all topics are great research subjects. If you are unsure about the subject, you should know that there are so many excellent essay topics for you to choose from. These great essays cover a broad range of topics from geography to history to politics.You need to be aware that not all research essay topics will be suitable for your writing style. Some are more specific and require that you spend a lot of time researching them. In addition, some topics will be more difficult to research and therefore, may require a lot of research.In fact, one important tip that you should take into consideration wh en choosing a research topic is to ensure that you do the research. There is nothing worse than writing a topic that is not researched well enough. Research is important, as it can save you a lot of time and effort. In addition, it can help you avoid research traps that are commonly used by many writers.One common trap that many writers fall into is going from idea to research topic. For example, you may get the topic for your research essay very simply and quickly, but the research may take a very long time. Therefore, if the research isn't in order, you run the risk of having a poor essay. Remember, you are writing to get a good grade so you need to be sure that you follow a research method that suits your style and the research project you are working on.The second tip is to make sure that you use the research essay topics list that you are given to help you choose the best research topic. Not all research essay topics lists are the same and this is because they are written diffe rently. Therefore, you should use this list to help you choose the best topic.The third tip for finding research essay topics is to ensure that you don't write any research papers that are too far removed from your topic. The point of writing the research essay is to capture the reader's attention. Therefore, it is better to use research papers that fit the topic you are writing rather than writing research papers that don't fit the topic.As you can see, there are many useful tips when it comes to finding your research essay topics list. It is crucial that you use these tips in order to get the best research essay topics for your writing. As a writer, you will find that these tips will prove invaluable when writing your research essay.

S Dickens, innit - Emphasis

S Dickens, innit S Dickens, innit He began by turning Shakespeare into txt spk. Now its Dickens for da yoof of today. Martin Baum, a father from Bournemouth, has rewritten Dickens in yoof-speak in order he claims to get children interested in reading. Kids today have invented their own language, says Baum. And I use this language to try and engage them. Judge his alleged mission as you will, while you contemplate his opening to Da Tale of Two Turfs: It was da best of times and, not being funny or nuffing, but it was da worst of times, to be honest

La Nina Definition, Causes, and Impacts

La Nina Definition, Causes, and Impacts Spanish for little girl, La Nià ±a is the name given to the large-scale cooling of sea surface temperatures across the central and equatorial Pacific Ocean. It is one part of the larger and naturally occurring ocean-atmosphere phenomenon known as the El Nià ±o/Southern Oscillation or ENSO (pronounced en-so) cycle. La Nià ±a conditions recur every 3 to 7 years and typically last from 9 to 12 months up to 2 years. One of the strongest La Nià ±a episodes on record was that of 1988-1989 when ocean temperatures fell as much as 7 degrees Fahrenheit below normal. The last La Nià ±a episode occurred during late 2016, and some evidence of La Nià ±a was seen in January of 2018. La Nia vs. El Nio A La Nià ±a event is the opposite of an El Nià ±o event. Waters in the equatorial regions of the Pacific Ocean are unseasonably cool. The cooler waters affect the atmosphere above the ocean, causing significant changes in climate, though usually not as significant as the changes that occur during an El Nià ±o. In fact, the positive effects on the fishing industry make La Nià ±a less of a news item than an El Nià ±o event. Both La Nià ±a and El Nià ±o events tend to develop during the Northern Hemisphere spring (March to June), peak during late fall and winter (November to February), then weaken the following spring into summer (March to June). El  Nià ±o (meaning the Christ child) earned its name because of its usual appearance around Christmas time. What Causes La Nia Events? You can think of La Nià ±a (and El Nià ±o) events as water sloshing in a bathtub. Water in the equatorial regions follow the patterns of the trade winds. Surface currents are then formed by the winds. Winds always blow from areas of high pressure to low pressure; the steeper the gradient difference in the pressure, the faster the winds will move from highs to lows. Off the coast of South America, changes in air pressure during a La Nià ±a event cause winds to increase in intensity. Normally, winds blow from the eastern Pacific to the warmer western Pacific. The winds create the surface currents that literally blow the top layer of water of the ocean westward. As the warmer water is moved out of the way by the wind, colder waters are exposed to the surface off the western coast of South America. These waters carry important nutrients from deeper ocean depths. The colder waters are important to fishing industries and the nutrient cycling of the ocean. How Are La Nia Years Different? During a La Nià ±a year, the trade winds are unusually strong, leading to increased movement of water towards the western Pacific. Much like a giant fan blowing across the equator, the surface currents that form carry even more of the warmer waters westward. This creates a situation where the waters in the east are abnormally cold and the waters in the west are abnormally warm. Because of the interactions between the temperature of the ocean and the lowest air layers, the climate is affected worldwide. Temperatures in the ocean affect the air above it, creating shifts in climate that can have both regional and global consequences. How La Nia Affects Weather and Climate Rain clouds form as a result of the lifting of warm, moist air. When the air doesnt get its warmth from the ocean, the air above the ocean is abnormally cool above the eastern Pacific. This prevents the formation of rain, often needed in these areas of the world. At the same time, the waters in the west are very warm, leading to increased humidity and warmer atmospheric temperatures. The air rises and the number and intensity of rainstorms increase in the western Pacific. As the air in these regional locations changes, so too does the pattern of circulation in the atmosphere, thereby affecting climate worldwide. Monsoon seasons will be more intense in La Nià ±a years, while the western equatorial portions of South America may be in drought conditions. In the United States, the states of Washington and Oregon may see increased precipitation while portions of California, Nevada, and Colorado may see drier conditions.

Economic And Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic And Management - Essay Example Elasticity is an easy way of enumerating cause and effect correlations. It is described normally as a mathematical measure of the responsiveness of one economic variable (the dependant variable) following a change in another influencing variable (the independent variable), ceteris paribus. Now we shall understand what Price Elasticity of demand (PED) is, it is the measure of responsiveness of demand for a good following an alteration in its own price. If demand is elastic, then a little transform in price will consequence in a comparatively big change in amount demanded. However, if price increases by too much and quantity demanded descends vaguely, then demand would be price inelastic. (Hubbard and O'Brien, 2008) If co-efficient of PED = 0, it means that demand is perfectly inelastic. This means that any change in price whether increase or decrease does change the quantity demanded. Hence making its demand curve a vertical line in price(x axis) to quantity(y axis) space. If co-efficient of PED is between 0 and 1, when we get values of PED between 0 and 1 than we say PED to be inelastic this means that percentage change in demand is lesser than percentage change in price. Producers know that the change in demand will be proportionately smaller than the percentage change in price. ... Producers know that the change in demand will be proportionately smaller than the percentage change in price. Therefore Demand curve will be a very steep slanting line in price(x axis) to quantity(y axis) space. If co-efficient of PED = 1, when a percentage change in price changes the percentage of quantity demanded by the same proportion the PED is said to be unitary elastic. For example a 10% rise in the price of apples causes a 10% fall in its quantity demanded. If co-efficient of PED > 1, when the value of PED exceeds 1 then demand is said to be elastic, which means that a % change in price causes the quantity demanded to change by more than proportionate. For example a 10% rise in prices of apples cause its quantity demanded to drop by 15%. (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007; Sloman, 2006) Factors Determining Price Elasticity of Demand: Now let us take a look at the key factors that determines the PED for goods and services. They are as follows: The range of near substitutes for a product / attractiveness of the good- the more the number of substitutes of a good the more elastic would be its demand because consumers can easily turn to other alternative good. For example coke's perfect substitute is Pepsi, and therefore if coke raises its price people will turn to Pepsi instead. And the more the product is unique the more inelastic would be its demand. (Tucker, 1999; Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2001) The fee of toggling amid different products - there may be noteworthy dealings expenses caught up in changing among dissimilar goods and services. For example, mobile phone service suppliers may incorporate penalty clauses in agreements or persevere on 12-month

Home Health Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Home Health Care - Research Paper Example The system provides a majority of advantages and as well as they provide information security to some extent. To be more specific, the paper speaks mainly of AllScripts software, the information management system used by the Residential Clinical Services. It addresses some of its features, weaknesses along with its strengths and security level. The Residential Clinical Services situated in Merrillville, in northwestern Indiana was established in 1987. This home care facility was established to provide commitment to excellence in patient care. The Residential Clinical Services main mission is to help patients and their families make the transition from hospital to home as smooth as possible. The facility is administered by Aileen M. Ellicott NP and has a total of 23 employees working there. It also serves a wide populous in the Indiana state, inclusive of; Northwest Indiana to include Lake, Porter, LaPorte, Starke, Newton and Jasper counties. The agency offers skilled nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and medical social services for financial or psychosocial counseling and identification of appropriate community resources. Home health aides are also available for those patients who are unable to manage their own personal hygiene, prescribe exercises and meal preparation. Additionally, their services include a comprehensive Oncology program with nurses highly competent in the total care and instruction of the patients with cancer. Programs such as Pain Management, Education, Supportive Care, Infusion Therapy, Chemotherapy, Antibiotics, Hydration and Nutritional Support are available for those patients in need. They also have a policy with local hospitals that enable the administration of blood and blood products to those patients already at home whose alternative would be an admission to the hospital or ambulance transport to an out-patient setting for an 8-10 hour stay. Home health care services

An Analysis Of the Financial Situation of TESCO PLC

An Analysis Of the Financial Situation of TESCO PLC Introduction: Reason for selection of this topic The selection of topic is based on my reading about Tesco rapidly growing articles and its strategy for growth topic is based on four vital playing parts: Growth in the UK To expand by growing internationally To be as strong in non-food as in food To follow customers into new retailing services From the list of suggested topics an analysis of the financial situation of an organization seems to be attractive and interesting topic. The making of this report help me in different ways like improvement in analytical skills and time management. Company Profile Jack Cohen established Tesco in 1919, when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. In 1924, the first own-brand product sold by Jack was Tesco Tea. In 1932, Tesco became a private limited company. In 1983, Tesco stores (Holding) Ltd became PLC. Tesco became Britains biggest independent petrol retailer in 1995 Tesco became the number one in this country with 17% of the market share in 1995. Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating around 2,700 stores. The group operates through multiple store formats, including Extra, Superstore, Metro, Express and hypermarkets. Tesco operations UK (1,900 stores) European countries Asia Tesco Products Electrical goods Home entertainment Clothing Phones Broadband Health Beauty Stationery Kitchen utensils Soft furnishings Seasonal goods level of products Value Finest Branded Tesco and Retail industry profile Grocery market is one of the most evolving markets. Tesco is the third largest supermarket in retail industry world. Competition is directly with the small and independent chains and with other big names of retail industry. Todays consumer is changing their shopping patterns with the changes in marketing strategies by the grocery market. Tescos is innovative in its marketing strategy and maintain its impressive figure of market share by huge spending on marketing and fulfilling the wants and needs of customer. (RETAIL INDUSTRY REPORT 2007) It is 60 years since Tesco was first listed on the London Stock Exchange, as Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd, with a share price of 25 pence. It was only ten years ago that it laid out a new strategy for growth, a strategy which looked to find new customers, new markets, new products and new opportunities,thriving international business and assessing markets with over two billion people. Source:http://www.tescocorporate.com/annualreview07/01_tescostory/tescostory.html Tescos market share has surpassed 30% for the first time in 2005, providing further ammunition for consumer groups who want its dominance curbed. Source:http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=401840in_page_ id=2 Aims Objectives of the Report Analysis of recent performance of Tesco Analysis for the benefit of all stakeholders and shareholders Future performance prediction Methods of analysis Method to analysis the performance of Tesco is based on the competition with Sainsbury (leading British retailer). The main reason is to understand the concern of shareholders about their dividend income and growth of capital. Therefore the report is mainly focused on the following aspects: SWOT anaalysis SWOT analysis of Tesco is about the internal and external factors, which helps me to understand the current position of company. Profitability Comparison of the profit with their rivals Liquidity This is the most concerned factor for the investor to know about. Usually companies are not forced into liquidation for not making profit,but when they cannot pay their debts off. Growth Expectations of shareholders in highly competition Financing Financing should be accurate and appropriate towards their objectives. Investment Analysis on investment towards future profitability Shareholders return Analysis on how effective the group is returning shares of shareholders. The few key factors Gearing ratio Gearing is a measure of financial leverage, demonstrating the degree to which a firms activities are funded by owners funds versus creditors funds and is the key indicator of the share prices. ROCE (return on capital employed) To examine the total long-term funds invested in the group to earn the return. EPS (Earning Per Share) Earning per share (EPS) is widely used by both present and future investors to gauge the profitability of a company. Gross profit margin Compares a companys performance with its competitors in terms of profit margin. Limitations of Analysis Ratios are static and it does not reflect the future trends normally. Ratios are based on information in different articles and websites. It ignores the affect of inflation. Financial statements themselves have limitations IAS 16 also allows a choice between measuring non current assets at cost less amounts written off, or at revalued amount (FTC Foulks Lynch Paper 2.5, 2004). On the other hand IAS 17 leaves somewhat vague the distinction between finance leases and operating leases. By classifying a lease as an operating lease, it is possible for a lessee to keep leased assets and their corresponding liabilities off the balance sheet (FTC Foulks Lynch Paper 2.5, 2004). The earning power of a business may well be affected by factors, which are not reflected in the financial statements. Executive Summary Tesco has shown improving results during the recent years and an excellent result this year as well compared to previous performance of the company. Tesco Groups result for the year 2006/07 is as follows Turnover à ¢- ²10.9% Operating profit à ¢- ²17.7% Profit before taxationà ¢- ²20.3% Group underlying profità ¢- ²13.2 % Group trading profità ¢- ²11.1 % Underlying diluted earning per share increased by 11.6% on comparable basis, to 22.36p (last year-20.04). Final dividend has been proposed 6.83p per share (last year-6.10). This represents an increase of12%. Gearing level remained at 48% as last years. Cash outflow is 265m compared to last year Cash inflow 165m last years. Above results represent the story of progress of the group, which reflects the consumer satisfaction, shareholders and stakeholders confidence in Tesco. Tesco generates their profits faster than revenue and the improvement in production. Information gathering Primary research Primary information is data, which is, collected specifically by or for the user, at source for example the management accounts of a company (BPP Success in your Research Analysis Project 2005). Most of my work is based on secondary sources. Secondary research Most of my research is based on secondary type of research. Academic Reading the textbook provided the initial outline, approach, research suggestions and structuring for the project. Subscription publications such as Accounting and Business Conventional library research Going to the British and Corydon Library enabled me to gain access to the academic publications on research methods for business, as well as industry-specialist publications. Electronic research Financial Journals and Tesco website, which enabled me to obtain last three years annual and interim reports, and company presentations to analysts, investors and portfolio. ACCA website (http://www.accaglobal.com/) provided an easy-to- search database of articles Using Internet search engines (Goggle, Yahoo Finance) enabled me to collect a lot of information about Tesco and its competitors. Other Methods to Collect Information Specialist Accountancy Publications (Accountancy Age) Annual Accounts of Company Telephone calls, Email Analysts reports Newspaper articles Discussions with superiors Analysis and Presentation (Note: All the figures used below are taken from Tesco and Sainsburys annual accounts, except where mentioned) Strategic Analysis Cost Leadership Cost leadership is a generic strategic thrust that emphasizes providing products and services at the lowest per unit cost within an entire market. Porter notes (1980) Cost leadership requires aggressive construction of efficient-scale facilities, vigorous pursuit of cost reductions from experience, tight cost and overhead control, avoidance of marginal customer accounts, and cost minimization in areas like RD, service, sales force, advertising, and so on (p. 35). from Porter, M. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York: The Free Press, 1980. Michael Porter suggested four generic business strategies that could be adopted in order to gain competitive advantage. The four strategies relate to the extent to which the scope of businesses activities are narrowing versus broad and the extent to which a business seeks to differentiate its products. The four strategies are summarized in the figure below: This strategy is usually associated with large-scale businesses like Tesco offering standard products with relatively little differentiation that are perfectly acceptable to the majority of customers. Occasionally, a low-cost leader will also discount its product to maximize sales, particularly if it has a significant cost advantage over the competition and, in doing so, it can further increase its market share. Source: http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/competitive_advantage.htm SWOT Analysis STRENGTH Leading British Market Customer research and its careful positioning Economy of scale WEAKNESSES Limitations in opening new outlets in UK OPPORTUNITIES Growth in Non-Food retails Investment in international market THREATS Threats from rival Competition in overseas market Extension in business makes it difficult to manage Reputation risk STRENGTHS Britains Market Leader Tesco is the market leader of retail industry in UK and holds 31.5%share of whole market as compared to its competitors ASDA Sainsburys who hold 16.7% and 16.0%. Source: http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/business.cfm?id=68862007 Customer Research and its carefulpositioning Tescos ability to empathies with its customers is the result of in-depth research, and has been key to its resoundingly successful entries into so many new markets. Their market research doesnt stop at new customers, but covers existing customers buying habits too. Tesco has expanded its customer base by its increased efforts to embrace customers from all levels of society, and all income brackets. For example, two popular food product ranges the luxury range called Tesco Finest and the budget version, Tesco Value are both carried within all of its stores. Source:http://www.growthbusiness.co.uk/expansion/259636/what-tesco-can-teach-us.thtml Economy Of SCALE Tescos has massive buyer power over suppliers; these economies of scale allow Tescos to compete fiercely on price without imperiling its own margins in a mature industry in which aggregate revenue growth is unspectacular. WEAKNESSES LIMITATIONS IN OPENING NEWOUTLETS The massive volume of sites under development and owned by the supermarket groups, and particularly by Tescos, is a central plank in a new Competition Commission investigation into the grocery sector. The Commission is considering to review the rules that govern store openings. Under current guidelines, a retailer keen to open in a particular town must simply prove that the location needs a new supermarket. The national market share of that supermarket chain is not taken into account. The Commission will also take a close look at the controversial issue of land banking retailers supposed practice of buying vast tracts of land merely to thwart rivals from opening on them. Source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2006/04/30/cctesco30.xml OPPORTUNITIES Growth in non-food sector According to Retail research company Verdict, in 2007, for every  £10 spends on non-food shopping,  £1 will be spent at the supermarkets. And Tesco is set to become the UKs number one non food retailer, with Verdict predicting it will capture 3.6 percent of the non-food shopping market this year, overtaking the current number one GUS (owner of Argos and Homebase) which currently has 3.5 percent market share. Source: http://www.clickajob.co.uk/news/tesco-to-become-uk-s-largest-non-food-retailer3675.html Tesco stores sell some non-food, it is Tescos Superstore and Extra formats that offer the biggest choice. These offer electrical, home entertainment, clothing, health and beauty, stationery, cook shop and soft furnishings, plus seasonal goods such as barbecues and garden furniture in the summer. The company has launched a highly successful range of own brand goods from microwaves to garden furniture. Source: http://www.999today.com/homeandgarden/news/story/1804.html Investment in International Market International growth forms a key element of Tescos four-part strategy and the business currently trades in 12 countries outside the UK, mainly in Asia and Central Europe. Over half of Tescos selling space is now outside the UK. Source:http://www.tescocorporate.com/page.aspx?pointerid=14163CB2412F41B1BD7765AC8DBE49EB Total international sales grew by 5.3% to  £11.0 billion. On a comparable 52-week basis, sales increased by 17.9% at actual rates. International contributed  £564 million to trading profit, up 10.8% at actual rates (up 18.0% on a comparable 52-week basis). (Annual Report) The US represents the biggest job for Tesco expansion in international world.The fact that the USA has been such an embarrassing graveyard for almost every British retailer that has opened there merely adds an extra frisson to Tescos plans. J Sainsbury, Marks Spencer and Dixons have all returned from stateside adventures with their tails between their legs. With this in mind Tesco has gone to extraordinary lengths to keep its plans secret. It has also carried out one of the most thorough pieces of market research in corporate history to ensure that its efforts are not lost in translation Source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2007/06/10/cntesco110.xml Tescos new US convenience store chain is struggling to attract shoppers. If Fresh Easy fails, it will add to the list of UK retail brands unable to break into the US and also be very dilative to international returns. Threats Threats from Rivals Tesco is facing a lot of competition from its local and international rival. It has diversed its business in different products, which increased its competitors so it requires more efforts and attention to deal with the competition and to secure its position in the market. Competition faced in overseas markets Consistently maintaining the No 1 position in the UK, Sir Terry and Tesco are looking overseas for growth. Over the last decade Sir Terry has led Tesco into Asia and Europe, opening stores in different countries. America is the major item on the table and India is expected to follow. Managing the international business takes up an increasing amount of attention and clear understanding of political, spending, religious and many other factors. Reputation risk Tesco is the largest retailer in the UK; expectations of the Group are high. Failure to protect the Groups reputation and brand could lead to a loss of trust and confidence. This could result in a decline in the customerbase and affect the ability to recruit and retain good people. (Annual Accounts) Extension in makes it difficult to manage Tescos extension itself is big challenge. The competition commission is enquiring about Tescos land bank holding and in some areas not approval for store development is one example. Tescos diversified its business in different segment which means downfall in one will have impact on other business area as well. Review of 2007 results Group Summary Group sales, including VAT, increased by 8.1% to  £46.6bn (last year  £43.1bn) and by 10.9%on a comparable 52-week basis. At constant exchange rates, sales increased by 7.9% and10.8% respectively. Group operating profit rose by 17.7% to  £2,648m. Total net Group property profits were  £139m, comprising  £98m in the UK, a  £6m loss in Asia and a  £47m profit within Joint Ventures and Associates. Return on capital employed In April last year, Tesco renewed its commitment to increasing their post-tax return on capital employed (ROCE), having exceeded their 2004 aspiration two years early. The strong performance of the business delivered slightly higher ROCE in 2006/07 at 12.6% (last year 12.5%), (Including the one-off benefit from Pensions A-Day, ROCE was 13.6%). This represents good progress and was achieved despite carrying the extra start-up costs and investment in the US and Tesco Direct as well as the integration costs and capital employed in their International acquisitions and increased stake in Hymall. This means that ROCE is on track to meet their new target. (Annual Accounts) Whereas, Sainsbury has shown magnificent improvement in their ROCE (2.76% in 2006 and 6.3% in 2007) (refer to Appendix) but still has to do a great deal of effort to challenge the market leader in terms of absolute figures. Return on capital shareholders fund The Groups total shareholder return performance (i.e. share price movements plus dividends reinvested) for the year 2006 and 2007 relative to the FTSE 100 index of companies is 143:116 for FEB 06 and 195:132 for FEB07. This index has been selected to provide an established and Broad-based comparator group of retail and non-retail companies of similar scale to Tesco, against which the Groups TSR performance can be measured. There has also been a very strong performance in TSR over the last three and five years against a comparator group of our major retail competitors in the UK, Europe and the US. Source: http://www.tescocorporate.com/annualreview07/pdf/review/annual_review_and_sfs_2007.pdf Gross Profit Margin Profit earned is the sales revenue less cost of goods sold. The relation between them is the gross profit margin, which in terms of percentage shows profit made out of sales. Gross profit margin is obtained by dividing gross profit by sales. Tesco Group sales, including VAT, increased by 8.1% to  £46.6 billion (2006  £43.1 billion) and by 10.9% on a comparable 52-week basis. At constant exchange rates, sales grew by 7.9% and 10.8% respectively. Group profit before tax increased by 18.7% to  £2,653 million (2006  £2,235 million) and by 20.3% on a comparable 52-week basis. Underlying profit before tax (excluding IAS 32 and IAS 39 and the non-cash elements of IAS 19, which are replaced by the normal cash contributions) increased to  £2,545 million, up by 11.8% (13.2% on a comparable 52-week basis Gross Profit Margin is 10.24% which increased by 4.70% compared to Sainsburys Gross Profit Margin of 10.29% which increased by 7.41%. This shows that Tesco has well control on cost cutting and productivity programme and focusing on the sales growth trying to keep the prices at lower margin. While, Sainsburys improvement demonstrates well pursue of their recover plan in which they include cost control as well. Asset Turnover Asset turnover is the relationship between sales and assets i.e. sales per nominal value of Asset. This ratios has dropped from 2.62 for 2006 to 2.58 for the year 2007 indicating slight inefficiency of asset utalisation.(Appendix B) compared to Sainsburys which improved from 2.02 to 2.50(Appendix C). Tescos figure has decreased but it still is better than Sainsburys that shows Tesco is utilizing its assets more efficiently. Gearing and Liquidity Gearing represents long-term debt in relation to shareholders funds. A gearing ratio of about one-third is usually regarded as acceptable for a company, suggesting that it is not over-reliant on external borrowing. A figure in excess of this indicates a higher-geared company. High gearing ratios are most suitable to those companies with steady and reliable profits, whose earnings are sufficient to cover interest payments and where total dividends are low. However, wide fluctuations in profitability would make a highly geared company extremely vulnerable t market conditions Source: http://vig.pearsoned.co.uk/catalog/uploads/Griffiths_C02.pdf High gearing indicates a high proportion of debt in the capital structure. High-geared companies are deemed to be financially risky, because interest payments have to be met, regardless of profitability. Tescos gearing ratio has increased slightly from 60.39 to 62.87, on the other hand Sainsburys gearing ratio decreased by 44.74%. But with a high interest cover good current and forecast profitability and low level of net debt the high gearing ratio should not present Tesco with any problems. (See Appendixes) A combination of retained profits, long and medium-term debt, capital market issues, commercial paper, bank borrowings and leases finance Tescos operations. The objective is to ensure continuity of funding. The policy is to smooth the debt maturity profile, to arrange funding ahead of requirements and to maintain sufficient undrawn committed bank facilities, and a strong credit rating so that maturing debt may be refinanced as it falls due. The Groups long-term credit rating remained stable during the year. Moodys and A+ by Standard and Poors rate Tesco Group A1. New funding of  £1.8bn was arranged during the year, including a net  £0.5bn from property joint ventures and  £1.2bn from medium-term notes (MTNs). At the year-end, net debt was  £5.0bn (last year  £4.5bn) and the average debt maturity was nine years (last year six years). (Annual Accounts 2007) Current ratio This ratio shows indicates the companys ability to meet its short-term obligations. The higher the ratio, the more liquid the company is. Current ratio is proportion between current assets and current liabilities. If the proportion between current assets and current liabilities is more than 2 then that company is generally considered to have good short-term financial strength. If current liabilities exceed current assets, then the company may have problems meeting its short-term obligations. The current ratios of Sainsburys group are better than that of Tesco group. For 2007, the ratios were .56:1 and .71:1 for Tesco and Sainsburys respectively. (See Appendix) This means there is less assurance that Current liabilities of Tesco could be paid quickly comparative to Sainsbury. But the other point of concern is that Tescos has shown an improvement by 7.69% whereas Sainsburys current ratio shows a decline of 11.25% that again indicates not very effective management and utilization of assets as compared to Tesco. Interest cover It states how many times a company can repay the interest from the current earning. The higher the cover, the safer the company is from liquidity crisis. Tesco improved its interest cover from 9.48 to 12.32(Appendix B) whereas; Sainsburys improved its interest cover from 1.47 to 4.76(Appendix C). Tescos increased profits have improved its interest cover. Tesco is a highly geared company but it delivers great return to investors so there is no threat that it would not be able to cover its interest cost. LIMITATIONS specific to the ratio analysis There are limitations to the usability and understandability of these rations and the analysis made from them. Almost all of these ratios are inter-linked and interdependent and shows fluctuations if a few variables are gauged. Also, there are more than one agreed criteria for the choice of nominators and denominators so care must be taken while considering them in absolute figures (e.g., as more than 2 Quick ratio is considered excellent) and for comparisons between two or more entities. A better asset turnover ratio might as well be because of the under valuation of assets and a decline might as well be because of acquisition of assets of increase in the market value f the assets as most of the assets held by retailers as Tesco and Sainsburys are in the real estate. Current ratio has been defined good or worse depends on industries as well, as debt is cheaper than equity Industry such as retail where Tesco has working capital days in negative (i.e. they have a chance to earn interest on the sales they have made as their suppliers finance those sales.) the more a company is geared (but within the safety margin) the better will its performance be, as the interest cover is pretty handsome. Growth and investments Tescos has been investing in new markets overseas, seeking out new opportunities for growth and ways of generating long-term returns for shareholders. Tesco is also investing in diversified nature of business like investment in software; properties and recently investment in gardening are proof of well pursuit of its diversifying strategy. Group non-food sales have grown to  £10.4bn, including  £2.9bn in International. Sales growth, in the UK alone, was11.6% in the year, with total non-food sales increasing to £7.6bn (included in reported UK sales). In non-food product which shown growth include clothing sale grew by 16%, health beauty sales increased by 9%, toys and support sale rose by 35%, stationery and DIY both sales grew up by 23%, consumer electronic sales rose by 35%. (Annual Accounts) Investors Outlook The EPS is primarily a measure of profitability and states earnings/profit earned for one share and so an increasing EPS is seen as a good sign. Tescos Basic earning per share from continuing operations has raised from 20.20p to 23.61p compared to Sainsburys Basic earning per share which has raised from 3.8p to 19.2p which is massive. (See Appendix) Tescos returns are well ahead from Sainsburys basic earning per share thats why Tescos share price gives better return to shareholder. Chart below shows the comparison between the share price of Tesco against one of its competitors namely Sainsbury and against the FTSE 100 index over two years. Tesco has performed slightly better than the FTSE 100 index over the second half of the year but Sainsburys performance is much better which has been amplified by the rumor of takeover bid of Sainsburys by Delta two and Qatar and also the role played by the successful Sainsburys recovery plan. Total shareholder return (TSR), which is measured as the percentage increase in the share price, plus the dividend paid, has increased by 36% in 2006/07, its largest value increase for ten years and the fastest percentage growth rate for three years. Over the last three years, TSR has grown 87% compared with the FTSE100 average of 58%. Over five years, the increase has been 102% compared to the increase in the average for FTSE100 companies of just 50%. (Annual Account) Conclusion Tescos latest results show that it has been another successful year for Tesco. The most encouraging thing about Tescos performance is that Tescos coped well with the head-wind from recovering competitors, rising costs and tough conditions in some markets. Tescos come through in good shape and have done it by staying focused on doing the right things for Tescos customers and at the same time investing for future growth. (Annual Accounts) Tesco chief executive Terry Leahy said, Overall sales growth has strengthened in the period, with international delivering a particularly strong performance, and the UK has again done well, with good growth in our core food categories. Its non-food offering Tesco Direct, and the groups online grocery operation tesco.com had both delivered very strong sales in the quarter, said the company. Source:http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/business-in-wales/business-news/2007/12/05/good-progress-for-tesco-in-autumn-sales-91466-20203900/ Tesco has laid solid foundations for future growth. Tesco is always looking to improve the way the owners of the business benefit from that growth. It has also been a good year for shareholders return. Of course, Tescos shares are higher in buoyant markets but Tescos is also doing more to contribute. Dividends are up to approaching  £800 million, driven by last years change in policy, combined with the effect of our rising flow of property profits now ranking for dividend. Tescos also bought back and cancelled almost  £470 million worth of our own shares so far. (Annual Accounts) Tescos financial performance in 2006/07 was excellent. Turnover of  £46,611m grew by 8.1%, diluted earning per share of  £23.31m grew up by 17% and dividend per share £ 9.64 increased by 11.7%, putting Tesco in top place in retail industry in the UK. (Appendix A) Tescos position holds strong position in UK and now Tesco is concentrating towards International markets for improved return for its shareholders and to establish its business and loyalty of customers around the world. Tescos produced very good performace particularly against the background of political uncertainty and economic problems in three of its markets Hungary, Thailand and South Korea. This demonstrates that International now has the size and momentum to get through these things and still deliver.Tescos got much stronger in Central Europe, through rapid growth in new space and acquisition. In Asia as well, having done the groundwork in a couple of our newer markets, weve used acquisition to get on faster.(Annual Accounts) The biggest challenge in international market is its fresh move in the US market. If Tescos get fails in US it would be a disaster for their strategic planner. According to CNN, Tescos is aiming to open 200 Fresh Easy outlets by February 2009, with projections suggesting that annual sales could hit US$4bn, But Michael J Dennis, a senior research analyst with Minneapolis investment bank Piper Jeffrey, described sales at the chain to date as a disaster. Based on interviews with suppliers, he said sales were running at about US$60,000 a week 70% down on targeted weekly revenues of